Egyptian Ka, Ra, Ba, Ren, Re, Ankh and Sahu in Tamil

Egyptian pharaohs in Tamil

Chapter 1.

[For orientation]

Etymology of the word Pharaoh:

Ref- -Qore -Nubian King] ---Ori [ a king in ancient Tamil Nadu] ; Maa ori is Maari ; Maa orai or Big star--the sun in Tamil ; Ori ma is Arima [lion] in Tamil and Hebrew. Orai --Star in Tamil; Horus --Sun in Egypt; Ari/ Hari---Siva ,the Sun; Perum [great ] Qore or Perum Orai is big or great star = Pharaoh. The word Ori or Qore must have been originated from the Tamil word “Ari “which in turn had originated from the word “Aravan”. Tamil words like Maelorai, Keelorai, Nallorai, Theeyorai originated from Orai only .Maelorai=Mael+ orai. Keelorai= Keel+ orai. Nallorai= Nal+ Orai. Theeyori = Thee+ Orai.

Some of the words originated from Orai .

Un Oorai sol! ---where are you from? Native place.--[-‘oor[nthu]+ Orai ‘ like the crawling sun'.

Un paerai- sol! --- tell me your name! [Paerai --Peru+ Orai---name].

Yarai parthu kaekirai-? To whom you are asking?! [Aa+ orai--to whom].

Thaerai - oatu! ----- -- --- Drive the temple car or the chariot. Thaerai-- Thee+ orai--- speed of the ‘thee', the fire god].

Narai mudi! -------White silvery hair- of the aged man.[ hair white as the sun rays]

Karai- yai poosu! --white wash [Ka+ orai= white as the sun light]

Morai kudi! --- drink the custard milk [custard milk white as that of Orai].

Kannil porai! ---- Cataract of the eye.[ cataract looking that of the white sun ].

Paarai kallai thalli vidu!------ Push down the lime stone.[ lime stone white as that of the sun light].

Parai oli------ Beating sounds of the drum -- sound of the sun god -- the thunder.

Naarai-- The pelicane looking white as that of the sunrays.

Pirai Nila ---p[b]a+ Orai-- the cresent moon.

Uraiyum idam ---- means dwelling place [where the oraiyan is living. Ur is the short form.

Urai pani - means the snow as white as that of orai. Pani of Tamil is the ‘Paan'i [water] of Hindi. Pani is called fever in Malayalam

.

Tharakai -- tharai is the sky and tharai is the floor or the earth.

Aanirai means the cattle.

Karai-----Lime stone.

Parai-- a rounded flat drum.

Sorai-- Soru--Rice that is cooked.

Marai porul--means ‘ secret knowledge about the Ma+ Orai, the sun ; it also means the sacred knowledge about sexuality.

Periyavan and siriyavan; Periyavan means peru oriyan [ big Oriayan---Lord siva] and siriyavan[ ceyon] means chiru oraiyan[ small Star---Lord Murugan].

Avarai-- A Orai.

Dyanesty--1.--[Archaic period]

•  Aha c3000-2975

•  Qa'a c 2890. [ Qa'a= His arm is raised]

•  Old kigdom; 2686-2181 BCE

•  Khaba-- c 2640-2637--Dynasty -3 -[--Kha-ba=- the soul appears]---------------------------------------------------------- Ka + [b]pa

•  Khafre [Chephren] c 2558-2532 Dynasty 4------------------------------------------------ Ka [ko] p erum Ori or Ko perum Oriyan. .

•  Neferiare--Kakai-- c2475-2455 Dynasty 5------------------------------------------------ Kakkum -Nefer-[beautiful-]- ori [king] .

•  Pepi 1 [Meryre] c 2321-2287] Dynasty 6-------------------------------------------------- -Ma Ari Ori.

•  Pepi ii [Neferkare] c 2278=3184-Dynasty 6-------------------------------------------------Nefer KO Ori.

1 st intermediate period 2181-2040 BCE .

•  Menkamin, the first-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mun KO Ammaan.

•  Kheti--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -KO Aathi.

Middle kingdom [2055-1650BCE].

, the third,[Khakaure],c1874-1855 Dynasty 12---------------------------------- -Kakkum Ori.

•  Intef the second [wahankh c 2112-2063],Dynasty 11------------------------------------- Wan ko.

•  Mentuhotep, the third, [Sankhare] c 2004-1992], Dynasty 11-------------------------- --Sangu ori or Sankari.

•  Sesostris the first, [Kheperkare] c1965-1920], Dynasty 12-------------------------------- -Ko peru [m] ko Ori .

•  Amenemhet, the second [Nubkaure], c1922-1878] Dynasty 12 -[Amen-em-het=Amun is at the head ] ---------------- -Ammaan Aathi or Aaathi Ammaan or Maatha Amman. [Nabi ko ori].

•  Sesostris, the second,[Khakheperre],1880-1874],Dynasty 12------------------------------Kkakkum paer[ perum ] Ori.

Sesostris

•  2nd Intermediate period.[1750-1570BCE].

•  Semenkare-- Dynasty 13--[c1782-1650] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cey'u Ammmon KO Ori.

•  Sobekhotep 1--- Dynasty 13-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sabai ko Athep.

•  Sobekhotep, the fourth--[Khanneferre] Dynasty 13 [c 1725] -------------------------------------------------------kon nefer Ori.

•  Marikare- Mery-ka-re [ Beloved is the soul of Re ]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Maari ko Ori.

•  Ankare-- Dynasty14 [c1750-1650BCE] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ankh KO Ori.

•  Dynasty 15, 16.

•  Apophis [Apepi] [Aauserre] C1555------------------------------------------Aasura Ori.

•  Khamudi---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Kho Mudi.

•  Semqen------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Semmai Khon.

•  Nebmaatre-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nambi Maa Aathi Ori.

•  Khomure-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ko Maa Ori.

•  Semenenre------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sem Mani Ori

•  New Kingdom [1550-1069BCE].

•  Dynasty 18. [1550-1295BCE].

•  Ahmose c .1550-1525]- Ah-mose= The moon is born----------------------------------------------------------------------- Ammasi [Amma vasai].

•  Amuntotep--c.1525-1504BCE]- Amen- hotep-= Amen is pleased] ---------------------------------------------------------- Amman Aathap [pan].

•  Thutmose, the First,[ c1524-1518BCE]-Dynasty 18] [ Throne name -A khaper- ka -Re= Great is the soul of Re ]-------------------Aa Ko Peru Ka Ori [Qore].

•  Thutmose or Thutmosis, the second, [c1504-1450BCE-Dynasty 18-- Throne Name -A kheper en re= Great is the form of Re ]------Aa Ko perum Ori or Qore.

•  Thutmose, the third, [Men Khepererre-c1479-1473BCE] [-Tuthmosis=Born of the god of Thoth][ Men-kheper-re= Lasting is the manifestations of Re ]----------------------------Mun [amman] ko perur ori.

•  Hatsheput [ c. 1473-1458BCE ]-[Hat -she-put=Queen, “foremost of Noble ladies ”]------------------------------------------------------------------ Aathi sesa puthri.

•  Amenhotep--, the second, [Throne name Aakheperure , c1427-1400BCE-- Great is the form of Re] ---------------------------- Aa ko peru Ori.

•  Thutmose, the fourth, [c1400-1390BCE]--Menkheperure -[Men -kheperu -re= ever lasting are the manifestations of Re]==---------------------------------------------- Mun Ko Peru Ori.

•  Akhanaten[Neferkheperurawaenre[c1352-1336] [ Akhanaten=Servant of Aten-]-------------------------------- Akha Nathan /Ekha Nathan[ Nefer ko Peru oor Waan Ori.

•  TutanKhamun c1336-1327BCE]-[ Tut-ankh-aten= Living image of the Amun ] ------ ------ Tutan Ko Amman [Ko Magan].

•  Ay [Khperkheperure,[c 1327-1323BCE]-----------------------------------------------Aye [Ko peru ko Peru[m] Ori]

•  .Dynasty19.

•  Ramesses, the First, [c1295-1294BCE ]-[ Ra-messes=Ra has fashioned him]------------------------------------------------------------- Raman sei.

•  Siptah--,[ c1194-1188BCE ]-[Si-ptah= Son of Ptah]--------------------------------------------------------------------- Sei Pitha.

•  Twosret [Sitrameritamun, [c1188-1186BCE ]-Sit -re =Daughter of Re, Mery amyn= Beloved of Amun]------------------------------------------ Sithirai/ Sithra Maari Aathi Amman.

•  Dynasty20.[1186-1069BCE].

•  Sethnakht [UserKhaure Meryamun,[ c 1186-1184BCE ]-[Mery Amun=Beloved of Amun ]------------------------- Maary Amman.

•  Ramesses, the Eight,[c1129-1126BCE],[Usermaatre Akhenamun--------------Aa kon Amman[-Ko magan].

Ramesses ,the tenth[,c1108-1099BCE] [ Khepermaatre Setepenre]---------------Ko peru Maa Aathi Ori.

3 rd Intermediate Period.

•  Amenemnisu, [ c 1043-1039BCE]--Dynasty 21 [ Amen -em-nisu= Amun is King ]---------------------------------------------------------Ammani Minusu.

•  Pedubaste, the first, [c 818-793BCE] Dynasty 23, 24.-[ pedi -bastet= Wise one of Bastet] ----------------------------------------------------------------- Pasu pathi.

•  Harihor [Siamun]--High Priest [c 1080-1074BCE] - [Her -i- hor= Horus protects me;- Siamun= Son of Amun.] -----------------------Sei Amman; Hari karan

•  Siamun-[c 978-959BCE ][ Siamun= Son of Amun]----------------------------------------- Sei Amman.

•  Ahmose [Sineit] , the second, [c570-526BCE], Si Neith= Son of Neith -------------------------Sei Neith.

•  Menkaure [Mycerinus] Dynasty 4--2532-2504BCE [Mankaure= Eternal like the souls of Re] ---------------- Mun ka Ori.

•  Sahure Dynasty 5 [c 2491-2477BCE] [Sahure= He who is close to Re ]------------------------------------Saka Ori.

Major Egyptian Deity Names

.

•  Egyptian names and words;

•  Aat-----The great one.

•  Aah---Moon sacred to Osiris.

•  At----25 the dynasty Queen.

•  Aha--------Warrior.

•  Aya---13 th dynasty Queen.

•  Ammon----The hidden

•  Amen--Ra, personification of the power of the universe and God of united Egypt.

•  Amun-----God of Mystery.

•  Amenitre-----Amen re --female Name.

•  Amunet----Mythical Goddess of Mystery.

•  Amenemhet-----Amen from the Beginning.

•  Ahmose-------------Child of the moon.

•  Ankhesanamen--------Her life is of Amun.

•  Ankhesenaten. --------------Her life is of Aten.

•  Ankhesenpaaten------her life is of the Aten.

•  Ankhesenmerire------her life is of the beloved of Re.

•  Ankhesenre------------------Her life is of Re.

•  Anat----- Wife of Seth.

•  Anpu---God of the dead.

•  Atemu--Mysthical great God of Annu.

•  Astennu---God of Moon.

•  Aten---- Sun disk .

•  Atum ---- whole.

•  Ausar----Another name for Osiris.

•  Akori---An earth God.

•  Ashai---Abundant.

•  Akila--Intelligent [girls name].

•  Akil---Boys name.

•  Amsu---- Personification of reproduction.

•  Aauserre-, Aasehre ----------------Hyksos rulers.

•  Baba----Father .

•  Bari---Boat.

•  Eshe------life.

•  Darwishi---Saint

•  Ebonee---Black.

•  Harakhty----Disguise of Horus.

•  Hari hor ---20 th Dynasty Pharaoh.

•  Heru------ Sun God.

•  Hetshepsu--First among the noble men.

•  Hor--Aha ----Ist Dynasty Pharaoh.

•  Hori , the first. ----High priest of Ptah.

•  Hondo--------War.

•  Hor-Aha ------Horus, the warrior.

•  Kasiya- -------Departs.

•  Kanefer---Good soul.

•  Ka ptah-----Soul of Ptah.

•  Kamilah ----Perfection.

•  Khai----Crowned.

•  Kheperi-------Morning Sun.

•  Khnurn------Mythical reborn sun.

•  Khons----God of the moon.

•  Khaldun-------Immortal .

•  Khenemetamen ---- United with the Amun.

•  -Kontar----only son.

•  Iset-------------- Original name of Isis.

•  Isete m ankh-------the living Isis.

•  Maatkare-----Truth is the soul of Re.

•  Maya------------------------------------------------

•  Merit---Beloved.

•  Maresankh------She loves life.

•  Maritamen-----Beloved of Amen.

•  Mhotep----Peace.

•  Maat ------Mythical goddess of order and justice.

Nakht--------------powerful

Nakhtmin---Min is powerful.

Menes - Name of a king.

•  Mukamutara------Daughter of Mutara .

•  Mukantagara--------Born during war.

•  Mukarramma------Revered.-

•  Nefere--------------goodness.

•  Nefertiri----------------------Beautiful creation.

•  Neferetiti------------------“-I arrive with beauty”.

•  Nesitanebetashru------She who belongs to the lady of Ahsru.

•  Nesaneith----She who belongs to Neith[ Goddess].

•  Nebtawi-------Lord of the world.

•  Osahar-------------------God hears me.

•  Osiris---------------------- God of the dead.

•  Osorkon -1--King--Dynasty 22.

•  Ptah- ----------------------------God worshipped in Memphis, creator god..

•  Padiamen------------------------------------------------------------------------------

•  Paramesse---------------------Son of Re.

•  Ra- --------------------------Sun.

•  Re- ------Mid day sun.

•  Sathora----Daughter of Horus.

•  Satiah----------Daughter of the Moon.

•  Shepset ---- Holy one.

•  Sekhem ------ Strong.

•  Sekhemkhet-------Strong body.

•  Sitamen- -------- Daughter Amun .

•  Sitre-----Daughter of Re. ----

•  Sakhmet-----------------Lioness [Mythical goddess of Memphis].

•  Tale-----------------------Green.

•  Tut----------------------Image

•  Thoth----------------------God of the Moon.

•  Umm--------------------------mother.

•  Umayama--------------------- Little mother.

•  Useramen-----Amun is strong.

•  Ur-----great .

•  Yaret----- Cobra Goddess [et--female form].

Aa. ---------Old and great.

Aah----the moon.

•  Akhen-----Beneficient.

•  Akori--------An earth God.

•  Ai---Divine father.

•  Amahte----------------To have power over.

•  Amen------Self existent.

•  Ameni---the self existing one.

•  Amon---Hidden.

•  Amenaa----Great--self existent.

•  Amenemhet---------Amen from the beginning.

•  Amose-------The moon is born, The slow capture of moon begins.

•  AnkhesenAman---------She lives for Amen.

•  Ankh----Life.

•  Ankh--hor-- Living Horus.

•  Ati---Father.

•  Aten---Disk.

•  Djed-----Enduring.

•  Djeser-----Holy.

•  En---Form.

•  Hathor---Lady of the sky, Mistress of Heaven.

•  Hat-hor--House of Horus.

•  Horus--------Sky God.

•  Heb----Feast.

•  Hedj------Bright.

•  Heka----Ruler.

•  Hotep------Peace, Satisfaction.

•  Ib----Heart.

•  Isis-------Au-set, Ast,Aut,,Female Horus, Hathor,Moon,Mother of Gods,Maia,Female Ra,Queen of the Sky, Queen of the sun.Ra's bride.

•  Ka---Soul, bull .

•  Ka--Paharoah--Pre duynasty 32nd-31 st century BCE .

•  Kamose------The moon flourishing like the red sun .

•  Kames---Child of the Bull.

•  Kanta-- Son of Amen- em -map.

•  Ka ankh---Living Bull.

•  Kheperu-------------manifestations.

•  Khenemet-------One who is joined with?

•  Maat---------Truth, Justice, Peace, Stability.

•  Maya---High priest of Amun.

•  Men-----Eternal, Lasting, another name for Amen Ra.

•  Mery-----Beloved.

•  Mos--- Child.

•  Mut-----Mother.

•  Nakht---Astrnomer---18 th Dynasty.

•  Neb-----Lord.

•  Nefer---Beautiful.

•  Osiris, Asr, Ausar-----Consort of Isis.

•  Pacis--sacred bull.

•  Pehty--------Strong.

•  Purusha----The supreme Sprit.

•  Ra - men- Ankh---- An early Egyptian king.

•  Ra-men-Ka------An early Egyptian King.

•  Ra-Amen --Aspondist of God Ptah.

•  Ra -sha-ankh---- an early Egyptian king.

•  Ra-s-and-kh-ka- 11 th dynasty Egyptian monarch.

•  Rashaken----- the divine /sacrodotalname of Osirtesen, the third.

•  Seker ---Night Sun.

•  Si--son

•  Sit----Daughter.

•  Tahaqa--25 th Dynasty pharaoh.

•  Wah ankh-----Strong in Life.

•  Senebi/senebit-----------------------health /wellness.

•  Meri/Merit------------loving one.

•  Neb------------------man of character.

Chapter - 2

Egyptian Pharaohs;

. Ahmose I   (sometimes written   Amosis I , "Amenes" and "Aahmes" and meaning   Born of the   Moon ) was a   pharaoh   of   ancient Egypt and the founder of the   Eighteenth dynasty . He was a member of the   Theban   royal house, the son of Pharaoh   Seqenenre Tao   and brother of the last pharaoh of the   Seventeenth dynasty , King   Kamose . During the reign of his father or grandfather, Thebes rebelled against the   Hyksos , the rulers of   Lower Egypt . When he was seven his father was killed,   and he was about ten when his brother died of unknown causes, after reigning only three years. Ahmose I assumed the throne after the death of his brother,   and upon coronation became known as   Neb-Pehty-Re   ( The Lord of Strength is   Re ).

Ahmose--Meaning---The moon is born;, The slow capture of moon begins; child of moon; new moon. [Aah-=--the moon] Ahmose.

In Tamil, Ammavaasi or Ammavaasai denotes the new moon. There is no known the root word for Ammavaasi. Hence people are reluctant to use this word Ammavasi and some prefer to use the word ‘Elam pirai'. It seems the original Tamil word could be Amma Aachi[ Grand ma] as people believed that women came from moon. In fact the story about moon in Tamil Nadu among children is that ‘The grandma is making rice vada' in the moon.The old Tamil word Amma Aachi would have corrupted to become Ammavaasi and came in to vogue. The same word had corrupted to become Ahmose in Egypt. Hence Ammavasai [Ammavasi] word is about 3555 years old.

Kamose   was the last king of the   Theban   Seventeenth Dynasty . He was possibly the son of   Seqenenre Tao   and   Ahhotep I   and the full brother of   Ahmose I , founder of the   Eighteenth Dynasty . His reign fell at the very end of the   Second Intermediate Period . Kamose is usually ascribed a reign of three years (his highest attested regnal year), although some scholars now favor giving him a longer reign of approximately five years.

Kamose.

His reign is important for the decisive military initiatives he took against the   Hyksos , who had come to rule much of   Ancient Egypt . His father had begun the initiatives and, quite possibly, lost his life in battle with them. It is thought that his mother, as regent, continued the campaigns after the death of Kamose (also in battle with the Hyksos), and that his full brother made the final conquest of them and united all of Egypt. Meaning of Kamose---- Moon flourishing like the re d sun; Full moon.

The name kamose could be a corrupted word of a Tamil name, goddess, Kamaachi. Kamaachi = kamam + Aachi [the ruler of love]. The goddess Kamaachi Amman is specially worshipped in her temples on full moon days as Fridays and full moon days are very auspicious for her. The full moon is commonly called by the name Pournami.[Pari poorani]. Hence the right word for full moon day in Tamil is Kamachi.

The use of the Tamil words Amma Aachi, Kamachi namely Ahmose and Kamose by Egyptians Pharaohs is an evident that the Tamils were the ancestors of Egyptian Pharaohs.

Qa'a   (also   Qáa   or   Ka'a ) was the last king of the   First dynasty of Egypt . He reigned for 33 years at the end of the   30th century BC . Qebeh , cartouche name of Qa'a in the   Abydos king list . Manetho   Called Qa'a   Biénechês   and gives him a reign of 26 years. Other versions of copies of Manetho´s epithomes give   Óubiênthis   and   Víbenthis   as hellenized names. The parents of Qa'a are unknown, but it is thought that either his predecessor   Adjib   or Semerkhet   was his father, since it was tradition to leave the throne to the eldest son. If Manetho suggested correctly (remembering the tradition), Semerkhet was the father.

Qa'a Meaning----His arm is raised.

Hor-Aha   (or   Aha   or   Horus Aha ) is considered the second   pharaoh   of the   first dynasty   of   ancient Egypt   in current Egyptology. He lived around the   thirty-first century BC   and must have enjoyed a long reign . The commonly-used name   Hor-Aha   is a rendering of the pharaoh's   Horus-name ; an element of the   royal titulary   associated with the god   Horus , and is more fully given as   Horus-Aha   meaning   Horus the Fighter . [ For the   Early Dynastic Period , the archaeological record refers to the pharaohs by their Horus-names, whiles the historical record, as evidenced in the   Turin   and   Abydos   king lists, and used an alternative royal titulary, the   nebty -name. The different titular elements of a pharaoh's name were often used in isolation, for brevity's sake, although the choice varied according to circumstance and period.

Meaning of' Ah' is old and great. ‘Aah ‘means the moon.

There is one phrase in Tamil, ‘Aha oha yena ‘. For example;,” His lecture was too good; Every one appreciated him very much ;. The gathering felicitated him ‘Aha oha yena' [like Aha Oha] with clapping hands“. Initially I thought that the words Aha oha could be onomatopoeic in origin as the letters ‘a' and ‘ o ‘ sounds are made when one is struck by sudden surprise. For example ; ‘ Aa yena avan vaai pulzhanthani' , that means , he opened his mouth ‘ aa ‘ as he got surprised on seeing his favorite actress just in front of her, unable to believe his own eyes. ‘O' sound is made on seeing something bad which is happening suddenly. For example; “ O! There goes a snake”.

However the Tamil aha and oha words could be related to the Egyptian pharaohs ,Hor - Aha and Qa'a , when one is felicitating a minister equating him with the ancient great kings or when one is calling for the help of the god- king for help when one is in distress . It is like calling King Kasta when one is under distress. If my interpretation is coorect the phrase” Aha Oha yena” must be 5000 years old.

Meaning of' Ah ‘is old and great. ‘Aah' means the moon. Hence the phrase ‘ Aha oha' signify nothing but the Amman[Aah] , the moon and the Horus[ Qaa or Oha ]the Sun. “Aha Oha yena “means' one is great like the moon and the sun' .

Osiris [Asr, Asuar--consort of Isis].

Osiris   , also   Usiris ; the   Egyptian language   name is variouslytransliterated   Asar ,   Asari ,   Aser , Ausar ,   Ausir ,   Wesir ,   Usir ,   Usire   or   Ausare was an   Egyptian god , usually identified as the god of the afterlife, the underworld and the dead. He was classically depicted as a green-skinned man with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs, wearing a distinctive crown with two large ostrich feathers at either side, and holding a symbolic crook and flail. Siris was at times considered the oldest son of the Earth god   Geb ,   and the sky goddess   Nut , as well as being brother and husband of   Isis , with   Horus   being considered his posthumously begotten son. [   He was also associated with the epithet   Khenti-Amentiu , which means   "Foremost of the Westerners"   — a reference to his kingship in the land of the dead   As ruler of the dead, Osiris was also sometimes called " king of the living ", since the Ancient Egyptians considered the blessed dead " the living ones ".

The   Hyksos   or   Hycsos   ;   Egyptian   heqa khasewet , "foreign rulers, shepherd kings) were an Asiatic people who took over the eastern   Nile Delta , ending the   thirteenth dynasty , and initiating the Second Intermediate Period   of   ancient Egypt . The Hyksos first appeared in Egypt c.1800 BC, during the   eleventh dynasty , began their climb to power in the   thirteenth dynasty , and came out of the second intermediate period in control of   Avaris   and the Delta. By the   fifteenth dynasty , they ruled   Lower Egypt , and at the end of the   seventeenth dynasty , they were expelled (c.1560 BC). The Hyksos may have introduced the horse-drawn chariot into Egypt. [

The historian   Josephus   maintains that the Hyksos were in fact the children of Jacob who joined his son Joseph to escape the famine in the land of Canaan in the book of   Exodus . The German Egyptologist   Wolfgang Helck   once argued that the Hyksos were part of massive and widespread   Hurrian   and   Indo-Aryan   migrations into the   Near East . According to Helck, the Hyksos were   Hurrians   and part of a Hurrian empire that, he claimed, extended over much of   Western Asia   at this period. Most scholars have rejected this theory and Helck himself has now abandoned this hypothesis in a 1993 article.

The name Osiris must have its origin from the Tamil word Asirere which means the voice of the dead or the voice of the person without any physical body or voice of the god or voice of the sun God. Infact there was one Hyskos Pharoah by name Apophis, the first, the Aauserre. If so , Hyskos from Syria and Egyptians must be the sub sects of a single group as Hyskos also worshipped the sun god Osiris. The word Aauserre must have originated from the combination of Aasuran + ori .Aasuran was name given to all non Aryans in India as these people ware black[asura] and worshippers of Osiris or Ausar. On the contrary the Ayans were called as Suran[s ] as they were white [sura]skinned and worshippers of Suran or Vishnu. Since the word Aausere is considered as a Sanskrit word, the alternative word Maya kural is used by the Tamils. Maya kural is nothing but the Speech of or the sound of the god Mayavan, the sun god Murugan or Siva.In fact there was one Egyptian high priest of Amun by name Maya. The maya of Mayan civilization also should have originated from the Tamil word Maya or Mayam or Mayavan, the sun god who disappears in the night and again comes in the day. [‘Avan [Osiris] Mayamaki marainthu ponan ‘] . The word Maya should have originated from the word Maandu [dead] --Marainthu [gone away] ; or alternatively from the word ‘myanam'[Myanathil yaeki] , the graveyard. Another hyskos king was kamudi and his name is nothing but the replication of the Tamil word' Ko mudi'.

The Tamil word ‘usir' denotes the life force within a person. If the Usir goes out of the person he will be dead. The Osiris‘s other names like Usir and Usire are very mich similar to the Tamil Usir not only phonetically but also meaningfully.

Osiris.

5.Hari Hor;[siamun--High priest c 1080-1074BCE.

Meaning of Har- i- Hor ; Horus protects me.

Meaning of Siamun; son of Amun. [Ceyon]

In Tami Hari Hor is Hari + Karan where Hari is Ore[king] or Ari [,lord Siva] Horus means Orai , the Star[Sun] with many hands [karam---rays]] .

In Tamil Nadu during Murugan festivals all the sun worshippers used to shout, “ Araoh Hara ! Muruganakku Aroah Hara!; Kandanukku Aroah Hara!”;” Velannukku Aroah Hara”!. The “Aroah Hara “, this slogans for Lord Murugan could be the root word for the Egyptian Pharoah Hari -Hor. If so Murugan worship must be 3100 thousand years old. Hari is Lord Siva and Karan is Lord Murugan , son of Lord Siva.In Egyptian mythology Siva can be correlated with Horus senior or Osiris and Murugan can be correlated with , Horus , the junior.

Amen and Amenaa;

Amen means Self existent.

Amenaa means, great or self existent.

Amen is the other alternative term for Ammon, the sung od. Amenaa is the female form or the moon goddess. Lok, the Christian use of Aamen is nothing but the worship of the sun god .All thase words were rooted from the Tamil word Amman.

Ammanam in Tamil means ‘naked ‘like that of the moon or the star.Maanam means prestige.

River Yamuna is the corrupted form the name Aa meena.

There is one saying in Tamil, “Aamai[ it is actually Amen ; not the Aamai--the Tortoise] puguntha veedum Aamena[ it is actually Amenaa ; not the Amina , the court clerk who issues summons] puguntha veedum urupadathu” That means when there were both the Amen and the Amenaa entered the house in astrological sense there would be wastage and deterioration , without any growth.[? Aadi pooramm--where sun enters in Aadi month of Tamils to cancer zodiac from Gemini zodiac].

Ra' men and Sitamen;

Ra'men was the aspondis t of god Ptah. Ra [ara'vu--Siva] means sun and so Ra'men means sun and the moon or Ammai Appan Sitamun means daughter of Amun. Sitamun is nothing but the Tamil name Seethai Amman. Hence the names of Ra'men and Seethai are in vogue even from the period of ancient Egypt. The name Sudha could be related to Sitha. The name Sudan could be a corrupt word of ceyon [Murugan]. Ra' men ka and Ra'men Ankh were ancient Egyptian Pharaohs. This suggests that Raman and Seethai are non Aryan names. ‘Ma ran' is another Dravidian name which is in reverse is called as Ra man.

- Raman and Seethai[Sita] were ancient kings. OF Tamilagam

Ren, Ra, Re;

Ren (name);

As a part of the soul, a person's   ren   ( r n   'name') was given to them at birth and the Egyptians believed that it would live for as long as that name was spoken, which explains why efforts were made to protect it and the practice of placing it in numerous writings. For example, part of the   Book of Breathings , a derivative of the   Book of the Dead , was a means to ensure the survival of the name. A   cartouche   (magical rope) often was used to surround the name and protect it. In documents and monuments the name, or Ren ,of Akhenathen , the Heretic Pharaoh,   were hacked out of monuments and deleted from documents to destroy all memory of this hated king of Egypt.

Ra means sun and Re means midday sun. Ra also means the star or the sun in Tamil. For examples; Ravi; Ravai, Ravai vurundai [sweet balls] and Thuppakki ravai [kundu---ball shaped --like the sun or the stars].

There is one ‘Paramesse ‘in Egypt which means ‘son of Ra.] [ ? PARAMESWARAN---note the ‘ren' is missing] . it means , the part of his soul , Name was erased [dead] out of him[Parameaswaran] . The Indian names Kamaesh and Ramesh are other examples. There is one Egyptian word' Kames ‘ and it means ‘child of the bull'. Suimilarly the name Baskaran had become Baskar and Sankaran had become Sankar.

The ‘ Ren ‘ could had been willingly deleted in some other cases [ or it had been a routine---see next para]] as there was a strong fear among people and Pharaohs that their enemies could do black magic against them by knowing their name namely the' Ren'.

RR

Ren-- the true name, a vital part to man on his journey through life and the afterlife , a magical part that could destroy a man if his name was obliterated or could give power of the man if someone knew his' Ren'. Naming ceremonies in Egypt were secret, and a child lived his whole life with a nick name to avoid anyone from learning his true name.

The ‘ ren ‘ meaning ‘ name ‘ in ancient Egypt is similar to the postfix --suffix of Lord Siva's name. For example; Paramesawaran, Kamasawaran. The root word for the ‘ren ‘of Eeswaran is the Aran or Aravan, the snake god or the Naga. Some of the other words ending in ' ren ‘are Aran, Karan, Veeran , Indiran , chandiran , Sucheendran ,Ausuran , Nara[Nar-good in Tamil] ka Asuran , Sundran , Maaran[Ma Aran ] ,Suraendran ,Enthiran, Thanthiran , Mahaendran etc. Some words ending in ‘en' are Pandiyan, manith[a]en, Uzhava[e]n, Murugan, velan, Sivan, Raman , Krishnan and Aruchanan, etc.

The ‘ren ‘ has latter changed in to ‘Ra' as in Parameswara, Chandira, Siva and Indira as used in Sanskrit to denote males . Latter ‘ra ‘has changed in to be ‘to denote female names. For example; Parameswari. Eswari, Kasthuri and Sundari [moon goddesses]. In present Tamil Nadu the Ra is always written as ‘ E - Ra . For example Raman is written as Eraman in Tamil.Remember all these words Ra, Re and Ren had originated from the Tamil word ‘ Aravu ‘ which means snake.The Tamil word Eravu[night---the nocturnal time for snakes] ; Uravu [relationship- as snakes do] had originated from the word Aravu. Or Ara or Ari. The Tamil word Arivu which means knowledge also originated from Aravan, Lord Siva. The word varan [bridegroom] had also originated from the word Aravan. From the word Aravaan the words Ore [king] and Orai [star-sun] got originated. Alternatively Orai could be related etymologically to the word ‘oorai ‘ ur [oor] is the township in Tamil. For example Thanjayur, Thiruvarur, Thuraiyur etc. “Un Oorai nan eppadi kandu pidippaen”? Which means “how can I find out your village'? “Ooruthal “means crawling in Tamil. Since the sun, moon and the stars slowly move or crawl in the sky they would have been called as orai. ‘Urai vidam ‘means dwelling place in Tamil. Since the ancestors of Dravidian's dwelling place were the stars, the stars would have called as Orai. Sun god= Kathiravan --Kathir + Aravan in Tamil.. .All forms of life originated from only the Orai the sun. Oraiyan, the Tamil word for Star is the root word for the star Orion. Nal Orai has become Nallavan in Tamil; Thee [fire] Orai has become Theeyavan in Tamil. The words, Maelorai [great people] and Keelorai [common people] have originated from the word Orai only. Urai is the Tamil word for speech. Munn orai[ancestors--- preface of a book]] , pin orai[pin urai--bibilography], muthi orai [ seniors], elaiy[a] orai[ younger people] , kanb orai , kanatha o[va]rai and puzhal orai [ praise or sappreciation ] are sother examples. Rice is called as Arisi in Tamil. The root word for Arisi is also from Ari .That is why arisi is offered to Lord Siva [lingam].The word Aram means ----- in Tamil.

Each sentence of the lullaby in Tamil ends with the words, aro ro aari ra ro. ‘” Aaru Unna [you] adichanka [beaten] Kannae -- Aro ro Aari ra ro” Aaru means “who” in Tamil. “Tell me the person who had beaten up you - my child” is the meaning of the sentence. But then, the end words Aro ro Aari ra ro is the corrupted form of the word Orai Ra and Re. That means , the mother who is consoling the crying child , in an attempt to make the child asleep, reassures the child that she will complain the matter to the gods Sun and the Moon while she was pulling the thooli in the open front yard of the house.The child slowly gets in to sleep by looking at the stars and the moon over the sky. Tamil mothers also used to feed their with the [“Nila soru “] children in the night time showing the moon in the sky. So the sun, the stars and the moon were inherent part of the life of the Dravidian children while eating as well as sleeping.

The Egyptian” Ren” is nothing but the ancient Tamilian's names ending with the post fix' ren' including the Ra and Re .It seems Tamilians were the ancestors of Egyptian Pharaohs.

Ka [the bull or the soul] ---- [KO]

The   Ka   ( k3 ) was the Egyptian concept of vital essence, that which distinguishes the difference between a living and a dead person, with death occurring when the ka   left the body. The Egyptians believed that   Khnum   created the bodies of children on a   potter's wheel   and inserted them into their mothers' bodies. Depending on the region, Egyptians believed that   Heket   or   Meskhenet   was the creator of each person's Ka, breathing it into them at the instant of their   birth   as the part of their soul that made them be   alive . This resembles the concept of   spirit   in other religions.

The Egyptians also believed that the   ka   was sustained through food and drink. For this reason food and drink offerings were presented to the dead, although it was the   kau   ( k3w ) within the offerings that was consumed, not the physical aspect. The   ka   was often represented in Egyptian iconography as a second image of the king, leading earlier works to attempt to translate   ka   as   double .

The' ka', with the meaning of ‘ sprit ' or life [Usir in Tamil] is very similar to the' Ka' of Tamilians. For example; ‘Ka yamae ithu poyaiada' means ‘the life is an illusion”. Ka' LAN [god of death] was the person who would take away one's life or Usir according to Dravidan's belif system. Kalam means life span or time in Tamil. Ka Bo[a]lam means the sprit or the life or the Usir inside the Cephalus or the skull. Ka da' vul means god in Tamil. That means ‘Ka' is inside of oneself .Ka' sayam in Tamil means elixir or medicated water to save the life of the person who is ill . ‘Kaviyam' in Tamil means the life [ka] history of great persons. Potter's wheel is the pregnancy time period of 10 months.

“Ma -ka Devan “is the lord Siva. Ma ka means big ka or great force for life or eternal Ka. The Tamil words Ma'kan [son] and Ma'kal [daughter] had originated from the “Ma ka”. That means, the life given to all children was by Ka [giver of life]. The maka-n and maka-l words to denote sons and daughters in Tamil is a strong evidence to say that the ka of Dravidians and the Ka of ancient Egyptians was one and the same. The word Mae kam is a related word in Tamil which denotes clouds. The Tamil word mi ka means excess or abundance in Tamil. The Tamil ma ka has become Mega in English. The word for mango in Tamil is Ma [ng] kaai ie. Big sized kai [unripe fruit]. Ka yuthal or kai chuthual and Ka yuthu [Nila Kayuthu] Kaichal are related words in Tamil. Kayuthal means having jealousy on others. Neerai Kaichuthal means making hot water. Nila [moon] kayuthu means moon light in Tamil. Kaichal means having fever in Tamil. Hence the meaning of the word ka could be solar heat energy which is the essence for all life in the earth. Since the word Kaai means unripe fruit[ will be hot when compared to riped fruit] in Tamil , the word Ka really means hanging hot fruits from the sky. When one gets Kaa mam [love sick--erotic] he could feel the heat on his body. The word kathal [love] is the short form of Kayithal. Karan means the sun with hot hands [karam in Tamil] namely the rays. Kaaram means hot spices in Tamil.

Kashi Vishwanath Temple   is one of the most famous   Hindu temples   dedicated to   Lord Shiva   and is located in   Varanasi , the Holiest existing Place of   Hindus , where at least once in life a Hindu is expected to do pilgrimage, and if possible, also pour the remains (ashes) of cremated ancestors here on the   River Ganges . It is in the state of   Uttar Pradesh ,   India . The temple stands on the western bank of the holy river   Ganges . The main deity is known by the name   Vishwanatha   or   Vishweshwara   meaning the   Ruler of the universe . The temple town that claims to be the oldest living city in the world, with 3500 years of documented history []   is also called   Kashi   and hence the temple is popularly called as   Kashi Vishwanath Temple .

A visit to the temple and a bath in the river   Ganges   is one of many methods believed to lead one on a path to   Moksha   (liberation). Thus, people from all over the nation, try to visit the place at least once in their lifetime. There is also a tradition that one should give up at least one desire after a pilgrimage the temple, and the pilgrimage would also include a visit to the temple at   Rameswaram   in South India, where people take the water samples of the Ganges to perform prayer at the temple and bring back the sand from near that temple. Many legends establish that the true devotee achieves freedom from death and samsara by worship of Shiva. Shiva's devotees on death are directly taken to Mount Kailash by his messengers to his abode and not to Yama (Hinduism), hell. The superiority of Siva and his victory over his own nature - Shiva is himself identified with death - is also ascertained. There is a popular belief that people who choose to end their lives here, Shiva himself blows the mantra of salvation into their ears.

Kha ba; Kha ba means ‘the soul appears ‘ in ancient Egypt.

Kabalam; the kabalam of Indian--Siva worshippers would have been the root word for the Egyptian words like' Ka ‘and' Ba'. In Kasi the' ka ‘goes to Siva and not the' Ba'. In Egyptian beliefs, the person will be dead when ka leaves the body. The Ba is immortal [soul] . B[p]alam means plaque or vessel in Tamil. For example; Thaambalam, .The word Kabalam had become Kalyam in Tamil in the later periods. Kalayam includes both the skull as well as womb. Man [sand stone] Kalam had become Maan kalyam [uterus] or Thali. Kabam means the watery through the nose secretions from the skull. Kabadi play of the Dravidians is a fitting test to control one's breath [ka--life]] controlling capacity.

Bhairava  [ "Terrible" or "Frightful"], sometimes known as   Kaala Bhairava ,   Annadhaani , Kaala Bhairavar ? ) or   Vairavar   (In Tamil), is the fierce manifestation of   Lord Shiva   associated with annihilation  . He is one of the most important deities of   Rajasthan , Tamil Nadu   and   Nepal   who originated in   Hindu mythology   and is sacred to   Hindus ,   Buddhists   and   Jains   alike.

He is depicted ornamented with a range of twisted serpents, which serve as earrings, bracelets, anklets, and sacred thread ( yajnopavita ). He wears a tiger skin and a ritual apron composed of human bones. Bhairava has a   dog   ( Shvan ) as his divine   vahana (vehicle).   Bhairavi   is a fierce and terrifying aspect of the   Devi   who is virtually indistinguishable from   Kali , with the exception of her particular identification as the consort of Bhairava.

The origin of Bhairava can be traced to the conversation between Lord Brahma and Lord   Vishnu   recounted in "Shiv Maha-Puran" where Lord Vishnu asks Lord Brahma who is the supreme creator of the Universe. Arrogantly, Brahma tells Vishnu to worship him because he (Brahma) is the supreme creator. This angered Shiva who then incarnated in the form of Bhairava to punish Brahma. Bhairava beheaded one of Brahma's five heads and since then Brahma has only four heads. When depicted as   Ka la Bhairava , Bhairava is shown carrying the decapitated head of  Bramman.

Kai is the short form of Karan - sun [rays]. Kai or karam in Tamil means hand. The Egyptian Ka symbol is the hands

K a la Ba i ra van;

Ka is called as Kal'an in Tamil. The lord who decides the time is called Kalan ie. Lord Siva the sun god. Kali is the female form. Kala Bairava is one of the names for Lord Siva. The Egyptian Ka, Ba and Ra , all are in the name Kala Bairvan. Kala Bairavan would have become Kabalan and Kabalam.

It seems that Dravidian people from India [?south India / Nepal ] went with the knowledge of worship of Kala Bairavan to Egypt and settled there . They made there a great history and the the Nile Valley civilization. But then, they never forgot the worship of Kala Bairavan in the form of Ka la Ba I Ra van .” Orae kalae barama[ chaotic- because of fight]] irukku “ , “Kala varam[ quarrel , fight , blood shetting] nadakkuthu ankae” are statements related to Kala bairavan . The snake around the neck of Ka la Bai ra van had become the Ureus [Tamil--Virian] on the head of the Pharaohs. “Thala yil thooki vaithu aadukiran”. When a person adores or worships something he used to have pleasure by keeping ‘that' over his head and it is a cultural behavior in Tamil Nadu. For example --Karakattam --worship of Uterus. The Tamil Karagam is the root word for theword Giragam or kiragam which means the planet. The dog [Shvan--Sanskrit -dog] of Bairavan had become the Anubis [anpu] of Egyptian mythology. The name Anubis or Anpu is nothing but the Tamil word ‘ Anpu ‘ which means affection [and loyalty] as the dogs always used to have towards humans ever since it's ancestor , the wolf was domesticated by humans.

Orion, the Sahu;

The stars of Orion were associated with   Osiris , the sun-god of rebirth and afterlife, by the   ancient Egyptians . Orion has also been identified with the   Egyptian   Pharaoh   of the   Fifth Dynasty   called   Unas   who, according to the   Pyramid Texts , became great by eating the flesh of his mortal enemies and then slaying and devouring the gods themselves. After devouring the gods and absorbing their spirits and powers, Unas journeys through the day and night sky to become the star Sahu or Orion   the   Pyramid Texts   also show that the dead Pharaoh was identified with the god Osiris, whose form in the stars was often said to be the constellation Orion.

Thirukural

" Yagavarayinum na kakka kavakkal sogappar  
sollizhukky pattu".

‘Ya ka va ‘ is nothing but the Jewish god Yakova. It is thought that Yakova was a snake god. That is the reason The god Ya kava has to control his tounge eventhoughhe was a god. Otherwise he had to suffer in the Hands of Sahu Appan. Appan means god in Tamil.

Yakava was the god for ancient Tamils also. Sahu Appan is related to the Egyptian Sahu. If my interpretation is correct, the time period of Thiruvalluvar , the author of Thirukural would be still old than the present estimation of 2035 years.

Shukra.

Shukra - ? ,ISukra), the Sanskrit for "clear, pure" or "brightness, clearness", is the name of the son of Bhrigu, and preceptor of the Daityas, and the guru of the Asuras, identified with the planet Venus, one of the Navagrahas (with honorific, Shukracharya). He presides over Shukravar or Friday.

He is of white complexion, middle-aged and of agreeable countenance. He is described variously as mounted on a camel, horse or crocodile. He holds a stick, beads and a lotus and sometimes a bow and arrow.[]

Shukra is etymologically identical with Shukla "white". As a noun, it is also the name of a Marutvat, of a son of Vasishtha, of the third Manu, of one of the saptarshi under Manu Bhautya, of a son of Bhava, of a son of Havirdhana.

Shukra is not the Sahu as shukra is the Venus in Indian thoughts. . Shukra is the combination of Sa + ka+ la which means the bright [ light ] like that of Sa and Ka. Sakalam means every thing in Tamil which means the ka and the sa are everything for the Dravidian. Shuklam, the semen from which everything came in to vogue .Sukumara and Sukumari are related proper names.

Etymology of the Name of the place Kasi.

Kasiya, means ‘departed ‘ in ancient Egypt. Hence the etymology of the name of the famous pilgrimage city Kasi [Varanasi] of northern India is related to the Egyptian word Kasi. Ka si must be ka sakum[Sakum yidam- dying place or grave yard; Sakum = dying or maandu in Tamil] which means ‘ Ka ‘ leaving the body or the soul getting departed . “ Nee Poyee sahu “ means “go and die” in Tamil. ‘Sahu' is verb and ‘Savu' is noun. The myth related to the visit to the place Kasi for salvation or libration can be understood from the story of Unas. After his death Unas [] Ka of Unas] went to the sky to become Sahu. Hence ‘Poyee sahu' in Tamil means, go [po] to the Sahu, the Orion which is the final resting place of all dead persons as that of Unas. “ Saha yidam thaedi aligiraen” means “searching for a place where I can die “ [or where is the place of sahu ?]. Some other examples related to Sahu are; ‘Saha[a] varam vaendum' means ‘getting the boon of immortality'. ‘ Sahunam sariyillai' [ bad omen] , ‘sahum vaeali ennum vara villai] [ the time for death has not come yet] Ka' amam and Kaasu are some other words related to Ka. Ka'amam means love and lust in Tamil. If someone has renounced love toward worldly desires and lust, his soul will get librated to heaven. If someone has no K'aasu [money--coin] there is no life [ka] for him. It seems that the ancestors of Egyptian pharaohs were from Gangetic plains of India and they were worshippers of lord Siva. the Horus senior .

‘Sahunam sari yilla'i- in Tamil means ‘not an auspicious time!; Sahuni vaelai paarkathae in Tamil means ‘ do not attempt foulplays!'. [Sakhu] Pooku sariyillai, ‘Sakku pooku sollathae' are related phrases. ‘Sahum nerathil sankara' in Tamil means ‘ when one is about to die , calling the help of Sa+ ankh+ ra+ an. Sanku + Aran is the symbol of life / birth. Sankari is the female form.

Sankaran means ‘the bringer of properity or happiness' , lord Siva.

Sukumar and Sukumari are propernames.

The descend of Junior Horus, Lord Murugan.; Vaikasi visaka festiva';

In Egyptian religion Sahu was the incorruptible soul, but the god Sahu [the hidden one] was also the personification of the constellation Orion. His consort Sopdet [or Sothis], represented the star Sirius [the dog star] and his son Sopdu represented venus. According to ancient Egyptian myths, Sahu [Orion] was swallowed by the underworld at dawn, but arose again every night.Clearly, he was a stellar not a solar god.Sahu was associated with the god Osiris because every year Sopdet or sirius appeared again after a seventy day absence just before the inundation which was associated with the resurrection of Osiris.This association was strengthened by the association of Sopdet with the goddess Isis , the wife of Osiris.

Vaikasi Visaka is observed on the day when the asterism Visaka (Libra) rules in the month of Vaikasai, also called Vaisakha, corresponding to the English months of May-June. It is a full moon day and Dharmaputra, the god of death, is worshipped. The day is also said to be one on which god Subrahmanya incarnated in this world, making it doubly important and meritorious.

The name Visaka or Vaisaha means the coming down of Sahu [The Orion] to the world or earth i.e vai in TamilL [Prithi vi --earth]. God Murugan‘s[Horus , the junior] incarnation in the world is nothing but the coming down ‘Sahu ‘ to the earth. Vai Kasi means Vaiathul Ka+ sahu. Alternatively the ‘Vai' denotes the Vairavn, namely the Kala Bairavan. Female form is Kala Bairavi. The vai or vi could denote also the sun god Ra vi [siva] or Vairavan. The name Vasuki could be related etymologically to vai kasu.

The observance of this festival at Tirumazhuvadi near Tanjore is considered especially important for the reason that Siva had once performed a mazhu or lance dance at this place on the Vaikasi Visaka day. Further, it is said to be the place where Siva's sacred bull had its incarnation on this festive occasion.

The same Visahi [Vai--Sahu] festival is celebrated in Punjab, Nepal and some other places, by the name “Bai- sahi” which is very similar to the Egyptian concept of Ba reaching the Sahu after the death of the Pharaoh.

Varanasi; oraiyan kasi;

The name   Varanasi   has its origin possibly from the names of the two rivers   Varuna   still flowing in Varanasi and Assi (not visible, though a small stream of Nalla near Assi Ghat is considered as Assi River), for the old city lies in the north shores of the Ganges bounded by its two tributaries, the Varuna and the Assi, with the Ganges being to its south. Another speculation is that the city derives its name from the river Varuna, which was called Varanasi in olden times  . This is generally disregarded by historians, though there may be some earlier texts suggesting it to be so. Through the ages, Varanasi was variously known as   Avimuktaka , Anandakanana ,   Mahasmasana ,   Surandhana ,   Brahma Vardha ,   Sudarsana ,   Ramya , and   Kasi.

In the   Rigveda , the city was referred to as   Kasi   or   Kashi , "the luminous one" as an allusion to the city's historical status as a centre of learning, literature, art and culture...Kasikhand described the glory of the city in 15,000 verses in the   Skanda Purana .   In one verse, the Hindu god   Shiva   says, "The three worlds form one city of mine, and Kashi is my royal palace therein."

The root word for Varana [K]asi is from the Tamil word Oraiyan Kasi. Oraiyan Ka si means the place [yidam] where Oraiyan Ka sayum yidam.

The   Temple of Kalabsha   (also   Temple of Mandulis ) is an   Ancient Egyptian   temple   that was originally located at Bab al-Kalabsha (Gate of Kalabsha), approximately 50 kilometers south of   Aswan .   The temple was situated on the west bank of the   Nile River , in   Nubia , and was originally built around 30 BC during the early   Roman   era. While the temple was constructed in Augustus's reign, it was never finished. [2]   The temple was a tribute to   Mandulis   (Merul ( Merwel who was the Nubian counterpart of   Horus ).   -----l), a Lower Nubian sun god. [3]   It was constructed over an earlier sanctuary of Amenhotep II   the temple is 76 meters long and 22 meters wide in dimension.   While the structure dates to the Roman period, it features many fine reliefs such as "a fine carving of Horus emerging from reeds on the inner curtain wall" of the temple .

Another temple of the same period has been identified at Kom Mer; about 12 km to the south, but cannot be excavated because a modern village is built over it.

The name Kalabsha is the combination of Ka+ La+ba+sa. Here the' la' is the Dravidian ‘la' which signifies the light /shadow/beauty. The name of the Nubian God Mendulis or Merul or Merwel is the corrupted form of the Tamil name [sun god] Murugavel=== Ma + Ra+ Ka+ vai + el [la]. Hence Murugavel, Merwel, Mardech Balagan and Horus were one and the same sun god. It is well understood that lord Murugan was the sun god of Nubian and he was worshipped as Junior Horus[ Oraiyan --an neglected]in Egypt .The name kalabsha is phonetically similar to to the Tamil word Abilasha which means ‘ petty wishes'.

Kailayam is the Tamil name for The Mountain Himalaya. Kailayam is the combination of Ka+ la +am. Himalayam is the corrupted form of the Tami l name Amman+ Alayam or Amun Alayam.'' Kalyanam --marriage is the combination of Ka+ la+ am. That is the, the union of Ka+la. Kalyan is the proper name.

In Tamil, there is one phrase ‘Ammamm perisu' which means ‘ so big' or ‘ so great ‘ . The' ammam perisu ' is nothing but the ‘Aammanlayam' or amunalayam, the Himalayam.

The pyramids are the replica of the Himalayan Mountains. We will see in detail about this topic elsewhere.

The Egyptian place, Kom mer [rn --neglected] is the corrupted form of the Tamil word Ko + Ma+ Ra +An. It is commonly used as ‘Kumaran ‘in Tamil Nadu.

The   Qumran Caves   are a series of caves, some natural, some artificial, found around the archaeological site of   Qumran . It is in a number of these caves that the famous   Dead Sea Scrolls   were found. The   limestone   cliffs above Qumran contain numerous caves that have been used over the millennia.

The Qumran is the corrupted form of the Tamil name Kumaran which is the combination of Ka+ ma+ Ra+ An. Kumaran is Lord Murugan whose abode is the mountainous hills.

Ba

The ka is usually translated as "soul" or "spirit" The ka came into existence when an individual was born. It was believed that the ram-headed god  Khnum  crafted the ka on his potter's wheel at a person's birth. It was thought that when someone died they "met their ka". A person's ka would live on after their body had died. Some tombs included model houses as the ka needed a place to live. Offerings of food and drink would be left at the tomb entrance so the ka could eat and drink.

Ba must be the ‘ pa' of the Tamil word. It is the ‘pa thalam' of the ancient Dravidian mythological underworld.

In   Hindu   cosmology ,   Patala   or   Patal   denotes the seven lower regions of the universe - which are located under the earth  . Patala is often translated as   underworld   or netherworld. Patala is composed of seven regions or   loka s.   T he seventh and lowest of them is also called Patala or   Naga-loka , the region of the Nagas. The   Danavas   (demon sons of   Danu ),   Daityas   (demon sons of   Diti ),   Yakshas and the snake-people   Nagas   live in the realms of Patala.   According to Hindu cosmology, the universe is divided into the three worlds:   Svarga (Heaven: seven upper regions),   Prithvi   (earth) and Patala - the underworld and netherworld.

Pa [ba] thalam = the floor or the underworld where the pa resides.

Thala could mean Thalam or the floor in Tamil [Thala also means Head in Tamil]. “Thalae” means ‘unde'r in Malayalam.s

Athala is ruled by Ba la -- son of Maya. [There is some illumination given by Aathee].

Mahatala [Ma ka thala ] s the abode of many-hooded Nagas (serpents) - the sons of   Kadru , headed by the   Krodhavasha   (Irascible) band of Kuhaka, Taksshaka, Kaliya and Sushena. They live here with their families in peace but always fear   Garuda , the eagle-man. [The illumination is given by Maa- Aathee+ Ra].

Rasatala [Ra sa thala]   is the home of the demons - Danavas and Daityas, who are mighty but cruel. They are the eternal foes of   Devas   (the gods). They live in holes like serpents. [The illumination is given by Ra+ sa].

The lowest realm is called   Patala or Nagaloka , the region of the Nagas, ruled by Vasuki. Here live several Nagas with many hoods. Each of their hood is decorated by a jewel, the light of which illuminates this realm.

The Ba of ancient Egyptian could be the Pa thala or the Naga loka of Indian Mythology. But it might also signify the Maha thala of the underworld where the serpents were living with the fear of the Garuda, the eagle man. This rivalry between the serpents and the Garuda could be the base for the Osiris resurrection mythology in ancient Egypt. Another Pathalm related word in Tamil is Pallam [pit]. “Bothas” is yet another Tamil word related to Ba. Boothas are the ghosts of the underworld in ancient Dravidian mythology. If the ka[heat] leaves the body the person is dead and his body is called Bootha vudal[dead body] in Tamil When the ka leaves the body [which becomes chill] the Ba goes to the underworld . Ka signifies the Sky [sun --heat]. Ba signifies the underworld and the chillness. If so what is the importance of the earth?

Sheut; The shadow.

A person's   shadow ,   Sheut   ( šwt   in Egyptian), was always present. It was believed that a person could not exist without a shadow, nor a shadow without a person, therefore, Egyptians surmised that a shadow contained something of the person it represents. For this reason statues of people and deities were sometimes referred to as their shadows.The shadow was represented graphically as a small human figure painted completely black as well, as a figure of death, or servant of Anubis.

  In a hot country like Egypt shadows were a blessing for those who could rest in them. Metaphorically, gods threw shadows too, shadows of protection: Kings were described as being in the shadow of the god. The holy sites at Amarna were called   Shadow of Re . We can easily understand the divine shadow and its effects, but it is unclear what the function of the human   shut ,    (MdC transliteration   Sw.t ), was.

    In the light of the life-giving sun body and shadow are inseparable. But the pitch-black   Sw.t   was not an ordinary shadow of a body, it rather belonged to the world of the 'soul', moving independently of its body and partaking of the funerary offerings.

A   shadow   is an area where direct   light   from a light source cannot reach due to obstruction by an object. It occupies all of the   space behind an   opaque   object with light in front of it. Currently the only astronomical objects able to produce visible shadows on Earth are the   sun , the   moon   and, in the right conditions, the planet   Venus . A shadow cast by the   Earth   on the   Moon   is a   lunar eclipse . Conversely, a shadow cast by the Moon on the Earth is a   solar eclipse .

The word ‘sheut ‘ or ‘Swt ‘ or' shut' is phonetically similar to the word ‘ Sath' [Sanskrit] Which means permanent or everlasting or eternal . There is one Tamil name for Siva, Satha Sivam [.The sath in Sanskrit means the matter]. The ‘ Seut ‘ which means shadow in ancient Egypt is actually the ‘sath ‘which means permanent in Tamil[Sathiyan is the sun ]. The shadows seem to be impermanent or unreal ; but they are not so ; they are permanent [belonging to the world of soul; moving independently of its body and partaking in funerary offerings --Egyptian mythology] as long as the sun and moon is there which is eternal and hence shadows are also permanent and real .[ The shadows signify the sun and the moon and not the opaque object in the sun light]. This theme only had given rise to the concept of the Mayai lokam [earth] in ancient Indian philosophy. The shadow is called as Nizhal in Tamil. Nila is the moon in Tamil. The name is the short form Nizhal Oli. Nizhal means shadow and oli means light. The moon light [full moon] is only the nizhal oli of the sun. This Nizhal oli or the Ni la is the last part of the word Kapila or Ka ba la. [Alternatively Nila oli means the light over the Nilam namely the earth]. Since the shadows are experienced in the earth, the ‘Shet ‘ represents the earth [and light], while the ka and the Ba representing the Sky [and heat] and the underworld [and chillness] respectively. The kabala of India has turned to Kaba in Egypt , the Ka'bah of Arabia , the Baal of Phoenicians and Mayans and the Bali of crete.

The Tamil names Sathanar, Sathappan and Sathiyan are related the word Sath and hence the word sath it is not actually a Sanskrit word. Both the names represent the sun god. The related word ‘Sathan' signifies the devil or the evil spirit in Tamil. ‘Kathavi saathu ‘ in Tamil means,” close the door so that no evil spirit can enter the house”.' Saath Sathunnu Sathinan ‘means “beating the evil spirit. Satharana porul means ‘ordinary thing' or routine one or the object one can get at any time or all time available. Saathiyama? in Tamil means “ is it be possible”? Sath and Sith philosophy is truly a Dravidian concept and the person who had understood this philosophy is called ‘ Sithan' in Tamils.

Kabah;

Ka ? ba h ,  also spelled   Kaaba ,     small shrine located near the centre of the Great Mosque in   Mecca   and considered by Muslims everywhere to be the most sacred spot on Earth. The interior contains nothing but the three pillars supporting the roof and a number of suspended silver and gold lamps. During most of the year the Ka ? bah is covered with an enormous cloth of black brocade, the   kiswah . Located in the eastern corner of the Ka ? bah is the   Black Stone of Mecca , According to tradition, this stone was given to Adam    on his expulsion from paradise in order to obtain forgiveness of his   sins.   Legend has it that the stone was originally white but has become black by absorbing the sins of the countless thousands of pilgrims who have kissed and touched it. When Muhammad's forces conquered Mecca in 630, he ordered the destruction of the pagan idols housed in the shrine and ordered it cleansed of all signs of polytheism. The Ka ? bah has since been the focal point of Muslim piety .

The name Adam is the corrupted Tamil name, Athavan. Aathavan means Sun .Eve is the Aya or the moon in Tamil. Note the stone is kept in the eastern corner. The three pillars represent the sky, earth and the underworld. The black brocade, the kiswah is the shadow of ancient Egypt or the [ni] ‘ la' of the ancient India . Destruction of pagan idols and establishing monotheism is all about the worship of one god namely the sun god.

Khaba-- Pharaoh of Egypt - c 2640-2637--Dynasty -3 ---Kha-ba=- the soul appears.

Ka--ba--la in Tamil language;

The name Bala[ son of Mayan] is the word without the ka representing only the underworld and the earth. In the name Balak[g]an ka is written in the end when compared to Kabala. The name of the Balkan peninsula of south east Europe is originated from the word Ba la ka. Kobala or Gobala is nothing but corrupted form of the word Kabala. Strangely the name Gopala is given to the lord Krishna [cow boy] as ko ,also, means cattle in Tamil. Aa ka'yam in Tamil means sky. Kailayam means the Himalayan Mountains where the ka and the la reside. The word Ka ‘l means stone in Tamil It signify the earthen material burnt by the heat [ka] of the sun. The word Kari means objects like lignite, created by the heat under the earth or the object used to produce heat. Karupan denotes the dark or black skinned Dravidians who worship the white sun god , lord Siva who made them dark by his heat. Marak Kari means vegetables in Tamil which are eaten to maintain the body heat through metabolism. Padikaaram is another example to denote the word Ka which signifies the heat and the pa denotes the mines from which the minerals are takenwhich are underneath the earth. Kala is the word without the ba which means there is no ba or death for arts and science namely the Kalai. The word kaya kalpa is also a related word. Ka ya Kal [a] l pa ; the name kaya kalpa has three meanings. They are 1.withstanding the aging process [ka] .2. Maintain youthfulness [la--Maya] .3. Postponement of death [ba]. Kalaba [white] Mayil is another Tamilword used to denote the dance of the peacock when the dark clouds set in. Kalaba kathalan is another Tamil word which means “thelover will accompany the partner in all the three realms”. Kappal means ship in English. The ka- p- pa-l can take the Ba to the underworld when the ka has left the body. Padaku is a Tamil word to denote boat. It could be originally pa da ka and it signifies the Ba going to the underworld in the vessel , [ a trio from sky to underworld]. Kabila. Founder of the samkya school o f philosophy possess all the Ka ba la in his name. Similarly the sangam poet's name Kapilar is the corrupted form of the word Kabala. Ka b[a]unth ministry means interim ministry in the case of suspension of the existing ministry till the elections is over and the new ministry takes over. This is like keeping the life [ka] of the democracy till the elections are over so that no threat [ ba]happens to the democracy.

The name Kamala has the ‘ ka' and the ‘ la ‘ The word loka means world . Loka has the' la' and the' ka' in it. Deva loka means Devan+ lokam. Devan is the corrupted form of the word Theeyavan [fire god] Presently Theeyavan denotes a bad boy in Tamil. What is the reason for that ? Dravidian was the theeyavan as well as Devan In ancient India. But the ignorant Vedic Brahamins who were not aware of the fact that bothe words had the same meaning called themselves as devas. The name Akalya also has the ka and the la in it. Akal vilakku denotes the sun and the moon light. Lighting of Akal Vilakku is a common ritual in' Karthikai Thiru Nal ‘In Tamil Nadu. Pakalavan name generally signifies sun in Tamil; however the word has Pa --ka--la-- in it. Another proper name PARKAVAN also has the pa and the ka and not the ‘la ‘in it. Ancient Pallava[n] had the ‘pa ‘and the' la ‘in their names [with out the ka]. Hence they would have originated from ‘pa ‘or pathalam or the underworld of serpents. If this interpretation is right it might shed some light in to the controversy regarding their place of origin. The proper name Thilakam [ applied over the forehead] consists of the ‘ la' and the ka and not the pa signifying sun worship.Kole means planet in Tamil Kole= Ka+ la. Makaesan is the combination of Maa + Ka + sa + an. Sa could be Sahu or the moon. An is the andam. Makanam[ big state] is the combination of Maa+ ka+ An or am . Pen dati in Tamil means wife. It is the combination of Ba or pa+ an [dam] + Athee.

Thula Baram; Thalai in Tamil means head; patham means foot, the opposite end of the head. Thula baram [Tharasu --the deciding authority to enter in to paradise, who weighs everyone's good and bad deeds --the Thara --sahu ] in Tamil means the balance. One pan signifying the Thala or thula [ Tha + la ---Aathee] and the other pan is the param [ +ba and ra+ am] that means the Athee or adhi of the universe and the + ba +ra are in perfect balance or in perfect harmony.

The sounds ‘ka', ‘Ba' and ‘la ‘are given to the world by the Dravidians which they learnt from animals and birds.. The sound/ alphabet ‘Ka' was learnt from the ‘Ka ka' namely the crow. The Ba was given to the Dravidians by the Dog , the Bairavan , the Vahanam of Lord Siva.' La ‘was given by the sun rays and the moon. ‘Ma' was given by the goats/cattle. Rooster taught the ‘ Ra ‘ as it makes the loud cry in the early morning welcoming the sun with it's sound ‘Kock ra ko ‘ ‘ Kock ra ko ‘. Hence the sun god was called by the letter ‘Ra'. English word ‘Cock ‘must be an onomoptoic word of origin. Rooster is called as Kozhi in Tamil. Since it welcomes the ka it is called as Kozhi [ Ko vai vilipathinal -- Ko vili = Ko zhi ]; Other name for cock in Tamil is ‘Saeval ‘. Sev vel, i.e. red spear, the symbol of Sun god Murugan. .' Gor! Gor! ‘is the sound of the Monkey and that Ko +Ra is the base for the origin of the word Kuravan and kuravan means lord Siva ,the sun god. Monkey is always loyal to lord Siva and hence to Rama also, the sun god's alternate name. By their ‘ree ankaram' the bees always worship the sun god Ra! O and Aaa sounds were taught by the universe itself-- Om or the O[m]garam!

According to one ancient Egyptian myth, honey bees were the tears of the sun god Ra.  In this context, the bee was seen as the messenger of the gods, falling down, like tears, towards the earth (and man) to pass on some secret message.

Kalabhras

After the close of the Sangam era, from about 300 to about 600 CE, there is an almost total lack of information regarding occurrences in the Tamil land. Some time about 300 CE, the whole region was upset by the appearance of the Kalabhras. These people are described in later literature as 'evil rulers' who overthrew the established Tamil kings and got a strangle hold of the country. [34]   Information about their origin and details about their reign is scarce. They did not leave many artefacts or monuments. The only source of information on them is the scattered mentions in   Buddhist   and   Jain   literature.

Historians speculate that these people followed Buddhist or   Jain   faiths and were antagonistic towards the Hindu r eligions ( viz.   the   Astika   schools) adhered by the majority of inhabitants of the Tamil region during the early centuries CE. [ . As a result Hindu scholars and authors who followed their decline in the 7th and 8th century may have expunged any mention of them in their texts and generally tended to paint their rule in a negative light. It is perhaps due to this reason, the period of their rule is known as a 'Dark Age'—an interregnum. Some of the ruling families migrated northwards and found enclaves for themselves away from the Kalabhras.   Jainism   and   Buddhism took deep roots in the society, giving birth to a large body of ethical poetry.

The name kalapirar is the combination of Ka+ la+ pa+ra +an. Kala bairavan is the related word. “ ‘Orae kalaebarama erukkthu' means ‘there is riot and looting taking place'. Hence ‘Kalapirar' means ‘one who indulges in' Kalaeparam.'

Bhupalam   (pronounced   bhupalam ,    ?) is a   ragam   in   Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a pentatonic scale ( audava   ragam or   owdava   ragam). It is a   janya   ragam (derived scale), as it does not have all the seven   swaras   (musical notes). It is also written as   Bhoopalam .

It is considered an auspicious scale and a morning ragam.   In   Tamil music , this scale is called   Puranirmai pann   and some   thevarams are set to this scale.   This ragam is played in the mornings before opening the sanctum-sanctorum of temples, using   nadaswaram . It is also used for chanting   slokas , folk's songs,   Kathakali   music and other rituals  . The equivalent scale in   Hindustani music   is   Bhupal Todi .

Bhu palam is the combination of poo + pa + la. Poo [poovi] means earth in Tamil; pa or ba means the underworld ; la is the light[earth and the underworld getting the light-morning sun light]. Bhu pathi is the god of earth.

Akila; Akila is the proper name in Tamil for girls. Akilan is sthe proper name for boys in TamilNadu.. Akilam means Andam or the cosmos in Tamil. Aa+ Ka + la has given the name Akilam or a Akila. Akila also means fragrance in Tamil. The word Akalam meaning width , probably indicating the distance between the ka [sun] and the la [moon] in the sky. Akila is also a proper name for girls in ancient Egypt. Akil is the boy's name. Akila means intelligent [? The knowledge about cosmic science]in ancient Egypt.

Ko matha [ko--maa athi] , ko [Gou]thaman have the ko or the ka in them. The name Parkavan has the p[b]a and the ka in it. The word ‘pagan' [worship] has the pa and the Ka in it. The Indian state Meghalaya [Ma - kalayam] has the maa, Ka, la in it. Impal has the pa and the la in it. Ma ka has become Mega in English. Tht Gowrava of Maha Barathem ias the combination of Ka + Ra+ an [kh] . Even the word Maha Baratham is the combination of Maa +ka+ Ba + Ra+thee. [Rathee, Rathum and Rathiri are related words]. The Jaravas of Andaman has the Sa [hu]+ Ra+ An[kh]. The name Garavas is the combination of Ka+ Ra+ An. The name Andaman is the corrupted form of the combination of Ankamaan where the cannibalistic tribes live. Ankaman---means? Naked people or killers of life .

Andaman; The name of the Andaman Islands is ancient. A theory that became prevalent since the late nineteenth century is that it derives from Hanuman, the   Malay   form of   Hanuman , the   Sanskrit   name of the   Indian   monkey-god

The name first appears in the work of   Arab   geographers of the ninth century (Soleyman in 851]. It is possible that ancient geographers like   Ptolemy   also knew of the Andamans but referred to them by a different name. They were described as being inhabited by fierce   cannibalistic   tribes by the   Persian   navigator Buzurg   ibn Shahriyar   of Ramhormuz in his tenth century book   Ajaib al-Hind   ( The wonders of India ), in which he also mentioned an island he called   Andaman al-Kabir   ( Great Andaman ).

The Andaman and Nicobar islands are called   Timaittivu   ("impure islands" in   Tamil ) in   Chola Dynasty   chronicles.

Marco Polo   briefly mentions the Andamans (calling them   Angamanain ), though it is uncertain whether he visited the islands or whether he met the natives if he did, as he describes them as having heads like dogs.   Another Italian traveler,   Niccolò de' Conti   (c. 1440), mentioned the islands and said that the name means "Island of Gold".

The Tamil name Theeankhu is verb and Theemai is noun. Thee anhku --Theengu means bad or bad to the life, the ankhu. The name ‘Angamanain' as told by Marco polo is very much similar to our interpretation. The name Cor Nicobar island is the combination of Ka+ Ra+ an[ i]+ Ka+ Ba+ Ra+an. The words Karanam and Kariyam are related words. Karanam and saranam and saranakathi all have Ka ,Ra , ankh, sahu and Aa thee in them. Thangam --gold - is the angam [body] of thee, the golden fire flames. Theengu and thangam have different meanings.

Ma ha ma yee is a popular goddess in Tamil Nadu and she has the Ka and the aye in it. Maa- aye became the Mayee and the Mayan [male form] in Tamil.

The Greekan town Kala mata is the combination of ka + la+ maa+Adi. The Cretan place Kalamaki is the combination of Ka+ la+ maa+ akhu [akhi]

Etymology of the name of the classical language, Tamil;

The exact period when the name "Tamil" came to be applied to the language is unclear, as is the precise etymology of the name. The earliest attested use of the name is found in Tholkappiyam , which is dated as early as 1st century BCE.Southworth suggests that the name comes from   tam-mi?   >   tam-i?   'self-speak', or 'one's own speech' (see Southworth's derivation of   Sanskrit   term for "others" or   Mleccha ). Kamil Zvelebil   suggests an etymology of   tam-i? , with   tam   meaning "self" or "one's self", and " -i? " having the connotation of "unfolding sound". Alternatively, he suggests a derivation of   tami?   <   tam-i?   < * tav-i?   < * tak-i? , meaning in origin "the proper process (of speaking)"

The Tamil Lexicon of University of Madras defines the word 'Tamil' as 'sweetness'. [   S.V Subramanian suggests the meaning 'sweet sound' from 'tam'- sweet and 'il'- 'sound'.   A metaphysical meaning was given by   Vallalar . Vallalar explains the word Thamizh having 5 units of measure Th+a+m+i+zh as the Natural Truth process of Divine essence involving ('Th+a'), manifesting in the physical body as human being and evolving into the Supramental Being ('m+i') to experience the Perfect Oneness Delight ('zh').   This metaphysical meaning indirectly leads to the meaning of Sweetness or Compassion.

The name of the language Tamil is the combination of Tha + Maa+ la. Tha means red in Tamil. Ma+a means big Aa. Aa means Athee or old and great in Tamil. La means light [which is responsible for the shadow] or shadow in Egypt.[Egyptian sheut] . Hence Tha ma la means red light of the Aathee, the sun or red necklace or sigappu malai [ of Siva] or Siva malai or Siva maalai . Thamala had become Thamil. In simpler term Thamala means sun light particularly morning sun light. That is the reason, Dravidian believe that the language was give to them by lord Siva.