*túkur [KA׊E]: to gnaw, nibble ; silence.

Tukur - has the composition- the- ka -Ra - and the meaning of the word is kadiththu kutharu - severe bite; maunam kaaththiru /kodiru- keep silence ; maunam- silence; kondiru- to keep.

*ubara [EZEN×KASKAL]: patronage, protection.

Ubara - has the composition- pa- Ra - and the meaning of the word is ra chchi paa yaa -[ missing letter- sa -]- protect [ us ]; ka app t ru vaayaa - safeguard us-[ missing letters - ka -and - the ].

*ubilla (2): soot (ú, 'plant' , + bil, 'to burn' , + lal/lá, 'to be deficient, light, high').

Ubilla has the composition- pa- la - and the meaning of the word is paal- milk ; pazham- fruit ; pala pala - shining; ellam poei- all has gone; sa ampal - soot -[ missing letter- sa -]; ne ru ppil i du - burn it / throw it on the fire [missing letters- Ra- and- the ]; neruppu- fire; thennam pillai-[ missing letter- the - ] - palm plant; pillai- son .

*ubur : female breast , teat (ub4, 'cavity', + ir(2), 'liquid secretion').

Ubar has the composition- pa- Ra - and the meaning of the word is maarbu - chest ; marma uruppu- genitals.

*udug , utug: pitfall; a demonic being.

Udug- has the composition- the- ka - Aand the meaning of the word is kaaththu- a demon; kaaththu karuppu- demon -[ missing letters Ra and pa -]; koottu sathi- pitfall/trap -[ missing letter- sa -]- .

údug, útug: a weapon.

Udug - has the compositin- the- ka - and the meaning of the word is kodiya aautham- destructive weapon; aautham- weapon.

*udu l/utul(3,4,5,6,10): herdsman (* udu , 'sheep', + *lú , 'man') [UDUL archaic frequency: 32; concatenates 4 sign

variants] .

udul has the composition- the- la- and the meaning of the word is vell aattu manthai yin thalaivan - the leader of the sheep herd , vellaadu- sheep; manthai- herd ; thalaivan- leader-[ missing letter ka -] .

udu- has the composition- the - and the meaning of the word is aadu - sheep .

lu has the compoasition - la - and the meaning of the word is aal- person/man ; Dravidian magical/ sacred letter la = light; aal- baniyan tree.

*udun [GIR4]: kiln (for pottery and bricks); oven.

udun has the composition- the- an -and the meaning of theword is pidi mun - pitumen/ asaphalt; mun aduppu - oven -[ missing letter- pa -].

*ugnim: crowd ; army; troops; workgang; campaign.

ugim has the composition- ka- an- ma- and the meaning of the word is manitha koottam- human crowd -[ missing letter- the -] ;

Troops[ E] has the composition-the Ra- pa - and the meaning of the word is por padai - army .

*ugra : reed bundle.

Ugara - has the composition- ka- Ra and the meaning of the word is keerai kattu/koththu - spinach/greens bundle ; koorai veedu- house with a reed roof or thatched house ; koorai- roof ; koarai - reed; veedu- house[ missing letter- the -].

*ugula [PA]: overseer; captain; foreman (loan from Akkadian waklu where Christopher Ehret's 1995

Reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic has *wax "to look at").

ugula has the composition- ka- la - and the meaning of the word is kava laali - watch man ; vaelai aal - worker ; kavalan - police man.

Page - 69.

ugun* [U.DAR/GÙN]: adorning speckles and lines; inlaid decoration (u, 'ten, many', + gùn, 'to decorate

with colors' may be popular scribal etymology; cf., * ug, 'lion , any deadly cat' + n, 'discrete point').

U. dar gun has the composition- the- Ra- ka- an - and the meaning of the word is aniyum / uduththum pattu sa elai munthaani yilo kaada thuni / pa ttu vaetti yin oramaakavo vanna vanna nirankal il thaeikka pa dum poo vaelai padaal aana sarikai patti -[ missing letters- sa - la -and - pa -]; the decorated cloth piece attached to the border of the silk saree or silk or kadda dhothi .

Ug - has the composition- ka- and the meaning of the word is sinkam - lion - [ missisng letter - sa -]

*úgunu , úgun[GAŠAN]: lady, mistress, ruler ; ointment, application.

Ugunu has the composition- ka -an - and the meaning of the word is kanni- virgin girl ; Elankovan - prince -[ missing letter- la -]; kan mai- anti mony.

ùgun , ugu(4): n., progenitor.v., to beget, bear.adj., natural, genetic.

Ugun has the composition- ka- an- and the meaning of the word is aakkiyon- creator/ancestor .

*ukum : dust (devil).

Ukum has the composition- ka- ma - and the meaning of the word is avanai madiya vidu - allow him to die; avan- he; madiya - to die; vidu- to allow.

Dust [E] - has the composition- the- sa - and the meaning of the word is thoosi -dirt; seththavanin meethi - the remains of the dead .

*úkur : butcher (ug5, 'to kill', + kir, 'cow').

Ukur has the composition- ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is kari arivon - butcher; kari - meat ; arivon- one who cuts; kaai kari - vegetables.

*ukur 3,4, uku2,5: n., poor man; poverty.

v., to be or become poor.

Ukur has the composition-ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is varumai - poverty .

Úkuš : cucumber.

ukuš has the composition- ka -sa - the -and the meaning of the word is muttai kosu - cabbage .

ulul (2): binding; harness; leash, chain (u, 'ten, many', + lal, 'to strap, harness').

Ulul has the composition- la- la- and the meaning of the word is kovil kaalai -[ missing letter- ka -]- temple bull ; kovil- temple; kaalai- bull; nilatht ha i uzhum ka alai maadu - the bull used for ploughing the land [ missing letters- ka -and- the] ; nilam- land; uzhva - to plough ; kaali maadu- bull.

ulušin: emmer beer.

ulušin has the composition- la- sa -the -an - and the meaning of the word is suththamaana thenna [g] kallu-[ missing letter- ka -] - pure kallu - an alcoholic beverage made from palm coconut .

*úlutin : attractive, attention-getting.

Ulutin has the composition- la -the- an - and the meaning of the word is manathai alla ; manathai kollai kolla -[ missing word- ka -]- stealing the mind/heart ; manam- mind; kollai kolla - to rob.

umah : marsh, swamp (u, 'plant', + mah, 'high').

Umah has the compodition- ma-ka - and the meaning of the word is mun kuttai - stagnant water in a low land .

*umbin: nail ; claw; talon; hoof; nail impression (on a clay tablet); hair pin; wheel (of a chariot, wagon)

[UMBIN archaic frequency: 34; concatenates 4 sign variants] .

Umbin has the composition- ma-pa - and the meaning of the word is ka al kuo la mbu - hoof ; puvi/poomi kolam - earth ; puvi- earth; kolam-planet / rounded one [ missing letters - ka -and- la -].

Hoof has the composition- ka -pa- and the meaning of the word is kuolambu- hoof [ missing letter- la -].

Claw [ E] -has the composition- ka- la -va - and the meaning of the word is kaal nakam - foot nail .

umbisag : scribe (umbin, 'nail impression [on a tablet]', + sag, 'individual human').

Umbisag has the composition- ma- pa- sa -ka - kavi paesiya / kavi paadiya paadal anaiththai yim yaettil/ oaliyil suvadiyil pathivu seika -[ missing letter- the and - la -] - what has been sung by the poet has to be recorded in a palm leaf book ; kavi- poet; paadiya - sung; paadal- song; olaiyil- palm leaf ; pathivu seuika - to record .

*ummeda (2), éme: wetnurse ; mammy (umu/um, 'nurse', + da, 'to hold, protect').

Ummeda has the composition- ma- ma- the- and the meaning of the word is thaai ammai / thaathi ammai - wet nurse .

kušummud, * ùmmu[EDIN.LÁ]: (goatskin) water bag.

Ummu edin la - has the composition- ma- the- an- la - and the meaning of the word is aattu / mattu thole lil aana thanni pai -[ missing letter- pa -]- the water bag made from goat skin or cow skin ; aadu- goat; maadu- cattle; thole- skin; thanni- water; pai- bag.

*umun : title of respect; Emesal dialect form of en.

Umun has the composition- ma -an - and the meaning of the word is Amman- the lord/ sun god ; mani ammai - moon goddess.

*úmun, umum: mold; raw form or material; idea; knowledge ; scholarship [UMUN2 archaic frequency: 114].

Umun has the composition- ma- an - and the meaning of the word is ennam - idea / thought ; gnanam- wisdom .

*ùmun: flea; louse.

Umun has thecomposition- ma- an -and the meaning of the word is maeni unni - body louse ; maeni- body; unni- louse.

*umun 5,6,11: ( stagnant) pool ; swamp; a swamp plant.

Umun has the composition- ma -an - and the meaning of the word is mun kuttai -[ missing letters- ka- and- the-]- stagnant pool.

*umuš , uš4: discernment; intelligence; reflection, consideration; decision (u6, 'to be impressed' + máš, 'to

examine, inspect').

umuš has the composition- ma- [-sa -] -the -and the meaning of the word is mathi- intelligence; muduvu- decision ; manathin sothanai - introspection; manathu- mind; sothanai- test .

unkin, ukkin : communal assembly , folkmoot (ùña/un, 'people', + kíñ/ kin , 'to seek, fetch'; cf.,

*unkin-gar-ra ) [UKKIN archaic frequency: 108; concatenates 3 sign variants] .

Unkin - gar-ra has the composition- an- ka- an - ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is nakara avai - the city assembly ; nakaram- city ; avai- aasembly.

Kin has the composition- ka- an- and the meaning of the word is kaanka - to see.

*unug( 2), unu(2): dwelling; fortress; jewelry, adornment; cheek; the city of Uruk (ùña/un, 'people', + ig,

'door') [UNUG archaic frequency: 206; concatenates 3 sign variants] .

Unug has the composition- an- ka- and the meaning of the word is nakai - jewel; kannam - cheek;

ùnug , unu6 [TEMEN.ÈŠ = TE.AB]: elevated shrine, temple; living room; sanctuary.

Unug has the composition- an - ka - and the meaning of the word is vaanakam/vaanam - sky ; kaanakam- forest .

*uraš [IB]: earth; loincloth ; secret.

uraš has the composition- Ra- sa- the - and the meaning of the word is sem mun tharai - the land of red soil ; sem mun- red soil; tharai- land; theetu/thooram/ maatha vidai - samayam /naeram --- moondru thinaththirkku ka tti thookki eriyum uthiram/ raththa karai konda kaada thuni -[ missing letter- ka -]- stained disposable menstrual cloth used for three days of period ; theettu- mensus; naeram- period; moondru thinam- three days; uthiram / raththam- blood; karai- stain; kaada thuni- kaada cloth ; deva ra ka siyam -[ missing letter- ka -]- top secret .

úrgu : ferocity, rage (ur + gù, 'barking dog').

Urgu has the composition- Ra- ka - and the meaning of the word is veri - rage; kuraikkum veri naai - the ferocious barking dog; kurikkaum- barking; very- rage ; naai- dog .

Page- 70 .

urim2,5, uri2 ,5: doorpost (cf., ùru(-m)) [URI5 archaic frequency: 21].

Ur i has the composition- Ra - and the meaning of the word is uri -a hanging cloth strap to keep oil, butter etc .

urin,* ùri [ŠEŠ]: eagle ; standard , emblem , banner ; blood [ŠEŠ ZATU-523 archaic frequency: 25; concatenates 2 sign variants

Uri has the composition- Ra - and the meaning of the word is tharam- standard ; raththam- blood ; thirai- screen ; muththirai - emblem -[ missing letter- the -]; karudan- eagle-[ missing letters - ka -and - the -]; parunthu- eagle- [ missing letters - pa -and -the-] .

urudu, uruda, urud: copper; metal (ùru, 'luminous object', + dù, 'to mould, cast') [URUDU archaic

frequency: 61; concatenates 3 sign variants] .

Urudu has the composition- va-Ra- the - and the meaning of the word is thaamiraththai urukkui uooththuka -

urugal : the netherworld ( uru, 'city' , + gal, 'big').

urugal has the composition- Ra- ka- la- and the meaning of the word is maru ulakam - another/ next world- heaven ; vaeru ulakam - different world ; maru- next ; vaeru - different; ulakam- world.

Uru has the composition- Ra - and the meaning of the word is uoor- village/ city .

Kal- has the composition- ka -la - and the meaning of the word is ulakam - world.

urum, * uru 6, ur7: spawn, fry.

Uru has the compoaition- va- Ra- and the meaning of the word is karu ura - to get pregnant; karuvarai- womb; varukka - to fry.

*úrum, uru7 : relatives, kin.

Urum uru is the Tamil word uoorum uravum - the relatives and the people of the village ; uoor- village; uravu - relatives/ relation .

usan (2): evening (cf., ú-si4 an).

Usan - has the composition- sa- an - and the meaning of the word is saeyon saayum naeram- the time for sun set [missing letter- Ra -]; saeyon- sun ; saayum- setting; naeram- time.

ùsan: whip.

Usan has the composition- sa -an - and the meaning of the word is saenam- saddle.

uša r(2,3,4), ušur(2,3,4), usar : (female) companion, neighbor (uš, 'to support', + ára/ár, 'to

praise') [UŠUR3 archaic frequency: 3; concatenates 3 sign variants] .

Usar has the composition- sa- Ra- and the meaning of the word is sarsa naeram - the time to make love.

*Ušbar : weaver.

Ušbar has the composition- sa -the- pa- Ra - and the meaning of the word is pattu thuni yae thariyil nei yum munnae pattu no ol thunuikku vakai va ka i yaana vanna poochchu / saayam koduppavar - the one who gives different colours to the silk threads before weaving .

*ušbar (3/7): father-in-law; mother-in-law (gìš/uš, 'man; penis', + bar, 'outside; foreign').

Ušba r has the composition- sa- the- pa- Ra- and the meaning of the word is siththappanum , periya appanum, aththai yum maama num - father's younger brother, elder brother, aunt and uncle.

uš has the composition -sa- the - and the meaning of the word is sunni thanni- semen ; sunni- penis; thanni- water.

ušera : reed bundle (ú, 'plant', + šár, 'to be many').

Ušera has the composition- sa- the- Ra- and the meaning of the word is siru keerai kattu - bundle of spinach; siru keerai - greens; kattu- bundle.

*(gi)ušub [SI.A/DIRIG]: basket (uš, 'to support, lift', + ub4, 'cavity, hole').

(gi)ušub has the composition- ka- [-sa-]- the -pa - and the meaning of the word is sapattu koodai - meal basket; sappaadu - meals; koodai - basket; poo koodai- flower basket ; poo- flower.

*Ušum , ušu: n., dragon, composite creature (uš11, 'snake venom', + am, 'wild ox').adj., solitary, alone.

Ušum has the composition- va - sa- ma - and the meaning of the word is ‘ visam ‘- poison .

Venom[ E] has the composition -va -an- ma - and the meaning of the word is visa unavu - poisoned food - [ missing letter- sa -] ; visam- poison; unavu- food.

Poison[ E] has the composition- pa -sa -an - and the meaning of the word is paasanam - poison .

*ušumgal: lord of all, sovereign; solitary; monster of composite powers, dragon (ušum, 'dragon', + gal,

'great') [UŠUMGAL archaic frequency: 21].

ušumgal has the composition- sa- the- ma- ka- la - and the meaning of the word is Yaelu ulakaththai yum aalum Aaththian - Maka devan - Aathi Sivan- Aathi Saesan - Siva kasi - Kaaliyan makan Saku/ Kanthan/ valli kanavan / vaelavan - the Dravidian sun god Marduk - Thiru Murugan- son of Siva - the ruler of the seven worlds .

*utah , útu: dried , powdered milk; sky.

Utah has the composition- the- ka - and the meaning of the word is kaaintha - dried.

*utua (2): breed ram ; breed bull (* udu, 'sheep' , + a, 'semen; father') [UTUA archaic frequency: 74; concatenates 2

sign variants] .

Utua has the composition- the - va - and the meaning of the word is vellaadu - sheep -[missing letter- la -] .

Udu has the composition- the - and the meaning of the word is aadu - goat .

Ram has the composition- Ra- ma- and the meaning of the word is sem mari [ aadu ] - sheep.

*utu l2,7: pot, kettle , cauldron (ú, 'food', + tal, 'large jug').

utul has the composition- the- la - and the meaning of the wor is thavalai - a large vessel for making hot water.

*uzalag , uzalak[GE22]: area measure, = 1/4 of an iku (= 25 sar).

uzug, usug: tithe, tenth-part set aside (hà/u, 'ten', + zag, 'outside of').

uzalag has the composition- [-sa-] - la -ka - and the meaning of the word is aallakku / ulakku - Tamil unit of measurement of grain volume; kaal kaani - 1/4 of a kaani /1.32 acre.

*uzug 2,3,4,5: menstruating woman; woman isolated after birth; person under a taboo (cf., ú-sug4) (úš,

'blood', + zìg, 'to expend, go out').

Uzug has the composition- sa- ka -and the meaning of the word is maasa kuli -[ missing letter - la -]- menstrual period/ monthly bath; maasa vidaai -[ missing letter- the -]- menstrual period.

(giš) zabalam: juniper (cf., za-ba-lum) [? ZABALAM archaic frequency: 45; concatenates 2 sign variants] .

Zabalam has the composition- sa- pa- la-ma - and the meaning of the word is echcham pazham- date fruit.

*zabar [UD. KA.BAR ]: bronze (zil; zi; zé, 'to pare, cut', + bar6, 'bright, white'; Akk. siparrum ,

'bronze' borrowed before vowel harmony changed Sumerian word; cf., barzil, 'iron') [ZABAR archaic

frequency: 1].

Zabar - has the composition- sa- pa- Ra - and the meaning of the word is seppu/sempu rasam - copper.

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*zalag (2); zal: n., light, brightness; the light before dawn, early morning. v., to shine, gleam; to illuminate; to cleanse, purify (often reduplicated).

adj., bright, luminous, radiant; pure.

Zalag has the composition- [-sa]- la- ka - and the meaning of the word is saayum kaalam - the time of sun set; evening ; kaalai vaelai- morning ; maalai vei yil- sunny evening ; kaalai ozhi- morning light .

*zanbur : prowling, roaming; foraging (said of animals).

zanbur has the composition - sa -an- pa- Ra- and the meaning of the word is para parapana manasu - restless/apprehensive mind.

Forage [E] has the composition- pa -Ra- ka - and the meaning of the word is para para nnu manm irukka - restless mind; para para - restless ness ; manam - mind; irai yae kanda- thum mirakaththin manamum udampum para parapu konda thu- on seeing it'se prey the animal became restless- [ missing letter- the -] ; mirukam- animal; irai- prey; manam- mind; udambu- body; para parappu- restlessness .

zibin (2): chrysalis, pupa; caterpillar (zi, 'life', + bun, 'blister').

zibin has the composition- sa- pa- an- and the meaning of the word is min mini poochchi- glitter bug .

*zilulu* [ PA.GIŠGAL ]: peddler; vagabond (zil, 'to flay, pare' ? , + lú-ùlu, 'people').

zilulu has the composition- sa- la -la - and the meaning of the word is ullasa ula - merry round.

PA.GIŠGAL has the composition- pa- ka -sa- the- ka- la -and the meaning of the word is thanam thani yae ulakaththai kaal nadai yaaka suththi payanam sei pavan - the one who goes around the world all alone on foot; thanm thaniyae alone; ulakam- world; kaal nadai- on foot; suththi- making a round; payanam- travel; sei pavan- the one who does.

zipah, zapah[* ŠU.BAD ]: half; a length-measure, span = 1/2 cubit = 15 fingers = 25 cm. (ŠU.BAD:

'open hand' - approx. distance measured by span of outstretched thumb and little finger).

Šubad has the composition- [-sa-]- pa- the - and the meaning of the word is paathi - half.

zizna : fish roe; abnormal growths on a fetus.

Zizna has the compositin- [-sa-]- sa - an - and the meaning of the wordis sem meen - cod fish .

*zugud , zubud: a kind of club; a fish (cf. also, sukud).

zugud has the composition- [-sa-]- ka -the- and the meaning of the word is koduvaa meen - bara cuda fish.

*zukum : to trample; to walk on; to step on (súg, plural 'to stand', + kum, 'to crush').

Zukum has the composition-[- sa-]- ka- ma - and the meaning of the word is miththikka - to stamp on /to step on.

zurzub(2), ursub(2), urrub (2): a container provided with teat-shaped protuberances

(zur4, 'to spout, flow', + sub, 'to suckle').

Urrub has the composition- Ra -pa- and the meaning of the word is mu ka paru va rum paruvam - the age for facial pimples [missing letter- ka -]; mukam- face; paru- pimples; paravam- age .

a-a: father (reduplicated 'offspring').

Aa has the compoaition- aa - and the meaning of the word is aan- male/man .

a-ab-ba : (cf., aba).

Abba - has the composition - pa and the meaning of the word is appan - father.

a-ba-al : 'dry' asphalt (Akkadian loanword - abaalu , 'to be dry; to mourn', may be Orel & Stolbova#2519).

a-ba-al has the composition -[- pa-] - la - and the meaning of the word is manal- sand; azha - to weep .

a-bala : drawing of water (a, 'water', + bala, 'turn, duty').

Abala has the composition- pa- la - and the meaning of the word is paazhum pazhamum- milk and the fruits ; paal- milk; pazham- fruit; pani malai- snow mountain ; pani- snow ; malai- mountain; pani mazhai - ice rain ; mazhai- rain .

*a-da-ab: a type of song (also written as a-tab, 'burning tears' ?).

Adaab has the composition- the - pa- and the meaning of the word is paattu - song ; thappu thappa paadaathae - ‘ do not make errors while singing' .

*a-da-al-ta : from now on ('now' + 'from').

a-da-al-ta hs the composition- tha- la - the -- intha naazhi muthal - from this moment onwards ; naazhi [ kai] = 24 seconds.

*a-da gub-ba : water duty ('water' + 'near' + 'to stand' + nominative).

a-da gub -ba has the composition- the- ka -pa -and the meaning of the word is thanni puka /poka mudiyaatha idam - the place where water can not enter/go out .

*a-da-mìn: contest ('when' + 'with' + 'an equal').

a-da-mìn has the composition- the -ma- an- and the meaning of the word is panthayam - contest -[ missing letter- pa -] .

*a-da-mìn...aka : to compete (with someone: -da-) ('contest' + 'to do, make').

a-da-mìn...aka - has the composition- the- ma- an- ka -and the meaning of the word is panthayam katta vaa - come for the contest -[ missing letter- pa -].

a-da...tuš : to live near the water ('water' + 'near' + 'to dwell (singular)').

a-da...tuš - has the composition- the -the -sa- and the meaning of the word is thanni odum idam- the place where water flows.

*a-dar-túnku6 : a fish ('water' + 'to slice' + 'to smash').

a-dar-túnku has the composition- the -Ra -the- an -ka -and the meaning of the word is odum aaththu / river thanni y ila neerila / kadal thanni yil / sea water kaanum meeen/fish vakai kalaana/ uyir inankalaana - kendai meen; maththi meen- sardines fish ; iraal meen - prawn ; kola meen- saw fish ; kodu vaa meen - sea bass; kelluththi meen-cat fish; kanavaai meen - cuttle; vilangu meen - ele ; vaalai meen - ribbon fish; nandu - crab ; neththili meen - anchovies; kaanageluththi- mackerel; vavaal meen - pomfret ; keerai meen - yellow tuna [ missing letter- la -] .

*a...dé : to pour out water; to irrigate; to flood ('water' + 'to pour').

a...dé has the composition- the - and the meaning of the word is thaani odum idam - the place wher water is flowing; thanni- water; odum- flowing; idam- place; thanni yae uooththu - pour water.

*a-dé : fresh.

a-dé- has the composition - the- and the meaning of the word is puthiya - new [missing letter - pa-] .

Page- 72.

*a-dé-a: the yearly spring flood ('water' + 'to pour' + nominative).

A-dé- a has the composition- the - and the meaning of the word is aadi maatha aaththu thanni - the river water of Tamil Aadi month; aadi maatham- addi month; aaththu/of the river ; thanni- water .

*a-dùg : freshwater ('water' + 'sweet, fresh').

Adug has the composition- the- ka - and the meaning of the word is thanni kudikka - drink water; kudiukkum thanni - drinking water.

a...dug4 /e: to irrigate ('water' + 'to do').

Adug has the composition- the- ka - thanni viduka - give watr; viva sa yathirkku thaevai yaana kaveri aththu thanni /neer yae madai /anai Aadi maatham thi ra nthu viduka - open the Cavery River dam water for cultivation during the aadi month - [ missing letters- sa - and- Ra -]; vivasayam- cultivation; thaevaiyaana - needy; kaveri- Cavery River ; aaththu- of the river; thanni- water ; neer- water; aadi - Tamil month ; anai/madai - dam ; thiranthu- opened .

Dam[ E ] has the composition- the - ma - and the meaning of the word is madai - dam .

*a-dun-a : inshore fisherman (?) ('water' + 'lowly student' + nominative).

Aduna has the composition- the -an -and the meaning of the word is aaththu thanni meen - river water fish.

A.EN-da - urudu: a type of copper.

A.EN-da-urudu has the composition- an- the -Ra- an- the - and the meaning of the word is anthu urundai - naphthalene mothballs .

*a-eštubku6 : high tide, early flood ('water' + 'river carp').

a-eštubku has the composition- sa-the- pa- ka- and the meaning of the word is aathth ila thanni athikamaaka pokuthu - high tide in the river [ missing letter- la -] ; aaththula- in the river; thanni- water; athikam- excess; pokuthu- going.

a-ga : back, backside; after; back room (cf., eñir).

A-ga- has the composition- ka- and the meaning of the word is akam- heart/mind/inner/ house; muthuku - back [ missing letter- the -].

*a-ga...gur : to turn back ('back' + 'to return').

A-ga...gur has the composition- ka -ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is kurukkai kaami - show your back ; kurukku- back; kaami- to show.

*a-ga-am , a-ga-àm , a-ga-mu-um: artificial pond - a large, marshy, and permanent or semi-permanent lake used as a reservoir to dispose of flood waters (prob. Akk. loanword).

a-ga-am has the composition- ka- ma- and the meaning of the word is mun kuttai - pond [ missing letter- the -] .

*a-ga-aš-gi4 : the most awkward one ('in back' + 'the one' + 'to send, reject').

a-ga-aš-gi has the composition- ka- sa - ka -and the meaning of the word is asinkamaaka - ugly ; asinkanmaana mukam - ugly face .

a-ga-bi-šè : afterwards ('after' + adverbial force suffix + 'towards').

a-ga-bi-šè has the composition- ka -pa - sa- the -appramaaka kaariaththai seithu mudikka - do the work later ; appuram- later; kaariyam- matter; seithu- done; mudikka- to complete .

a-ga-zu-ta : behind you ('back' + 'your' + 'from').

Agasuta has the composition- ka- [-sa-]- the -and the meaning of the word is muthukai kaatu- show the back; muthuku- back; kaattu- show; sooththai kaattu - show the buttocks; sooththu- buttocks; muthuku thandu vadam - spinal cord; muthuku thasai - muscle of the back; thasai- muscle.

*a-gal: overflow of flood waters ('waters' + 'big').

a-gal has the composition - ka- la and the meaning of the word is vellam- flood.

*a-gàr : irrigated field ('water; seed' + 'cake' ?).

A-gàr has the composition- ka -Ra -and the meaning of the word is kaani karai - agricultural fields; karai- bank [ of the river/aaru karai or field/kaani ].

a-gar5 : lead, the metal.

A-gar has the composition- ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is kari- lignite.

a-gig: bitter tears ('water' + 'pain').

A-gig has the composition- ka- ka - and the meaning of the word is kannai kasakka- wiping the tearful eyes .

*a-gin7 : as (= when) ...; in that way; how! ('if, when' + 'like').

A-gin has the composition- ka -an - and the mening of the word is yenavae - so .

a-e...gu7 (-a): eroded by the water ('water' + ergative agent marker + 'to consume' ( + nominative)).

a-e...gu has the composition- ka - and the meaning of the word is ka ra i yae neer arikka - river bank is eroded by the water ;karai- river bank; neer- water; arikka- to erode.

*a-gúb-ba : holy water ('water' + 'to purify' + nominative).

a-gúb-ba has the composition- ka- pa- and the meaning of the word is kumpam ; kumpa neer- [ missing letter- Ra - ] ; maarpaka ne er- breast milk ; k ar paini pen in pani ku da - neer - the amniotic fluid -[ missing letters- the -and- Ra -]; karpini- pregnant woman; pani kudam- amniotic sac; neer- water.

*kuša-gá-lá : leather sack (for flour) ('water' + 'to store' + 'to lift, carry').

kuša-gá-lá has the composition- ka -sa- the- ka- la -and the mening of the word is vilangu udaiya thole lal aana saakku - the leather sack ; vilangu- animal ; thole- skin; saakku- sack.

a-gá-ri-in : a flat area (measured in sar) (cf., garim).

A-gá-ri-in has the composition- ka -Ra- an - and the meaning of the word is kaani karai - agricultural land .

a-gi6 (-a): flood ('water' + 'to be black' + nominative).

a-gi has the composition- ka - and the meaning of the word is agni- fire; kaani - agricultural land; kan - eye ; kanni- virgin ; kaai - unripe fruit ; kani- riped fruit ; naakku- tongue; naagam- snake; vellam - flood -[ missing letter- la - ]; makan- son; kaamam- libido ; vekkai - humid ; vakai- type ; kanavan- husband; kaamukan- lover ; kannan- proper name; konam- angle; koone - cone ; mukam- face ; mookku - nose ; kaakai- crow; kakka - to save; kovai kaai ; maekam - cloud ; mokam - libido.

a-šè...gin/gub: to go to fetch water ('water' + 'to the' + 'to go').

a-šè...gin/gub has the composition- sa- the -ka- an- ka -pa - and the meaning of the word is nee poei aaththu thanni yae suththamaana kundaan paaththi ra m niraiya kondu vaa - go and fetch river water in a pure vessel ; po- go; aahthtu thanni- river water; suththamaana - pure; paaththiram- vessel.

a-ia10-lum: stag (Akkadian loanword).

a-ia-lum has the composition- la -ma - and the meaning of the word is vellai maan- white deer -stag [ missing letter- ka -]; velai- white ; maan- deer.

*a...íl : to carry water ('water' + 'to lift, carry').

Ail has the composition- la - and the meaning of theword is thanni yae mollu/alla - to take water -[ missing letter- the -].

*a a-kúm-hot water ('water' + 'hot').

a a-kúm has the composition- ka- ma - and the meaningof the word is kothikum thanni - boiling water [ missing letter- the -] ; kothikka - to boil; thanni- water.

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*a-la, a-la-la: exclamation, often of joy; exuberance ('tears' + 'happiness').

a-la has the composition- la- ma - and the meaning of the word is olam - loud cry in a state of fear / screaming; azha - cry;

*a-lu : adjective for small cattle.

a-lu has the composition- la and the meaning of the word is aadu thulla ; aadu- sheep; thulla - gentle jump .

*a-lum: adjective for sheep.

a-lum has the composition- maadu thulla ; maadu- coe; thulla - gentle jump .

*a-ma-ru: destructive flood ('water' + 'to go' + 'to send'; cf., u 18-ru).

A-ma-ru has the composition- ma -Ra -and the meaning of the word is maari - rain .

a-mah : flood, overflow, bursting of a dam ('water' + 'high, mighty').

a-mah has the composition- ma- ka -and the meaning of the word is ma dai thi ra kka - to open the dam [ missing letters- the - and - Ra -]; madai - dam ; thirakka- to open .

*a-maš : sheepfold (cf., amaš).

a-maš has the vomposition- ma- [-sa-] the - and the meaning of the word is aattu manthai - sheep fold ; maattu santhai - cattle market.

*a-na : what (a,'to', + ni,'he, she', + a,'the').

A-na has the composition- an - and the meaning of the word is enna- what.

*a-na me-a-bi: as many as they are; all of it ('what there is of it').

a-na me-a-bi has the composition- an- ma- pa - and the meaning of the word is panmai - plural /many ; penami- feminine.

Femina[ E] - pa -ma- an - and the meaning of the word is penmai/ feminine; feminine - penmai manam - feminine mind .

*a-na-àm : thus; why ('what' + enclitic copula).

A-na-àm - has the composition- an- ma - and the meaning of the word is ennam - thought; yaenaam - why ; anumaanam- thinking/ guess .

a-na-àm...aka : what (will/did) X do?.

a-na-àm...aka - has the composition- an- ma- ka -and the meaning of the word is anumaanikka - mana uookam - guess; enna vaakaum - what will happen .

a-na-aš(-am): why? (why is it that ...?) ('what' + 'one'[ + 'to be']).

a-na-aš(-am) has the composition- an -sa- the- ma- and the meaning of the word is yeththinai maasam - how many months .

a-na-gim , a-na-gin7-nam: how ('what' + 'like'[ + abstract process]).

A-na-gim has the composition- an- ka -ma -and the meaning of the word is enkanam[ Malayalam ] - how .

*a-nir : lamentation, dirge ('tears' + 'to raise high').

A-nir has the composition- an - and the meaning of the word is kan neer - tears [ missingletter - ka -] .

Dirge[ E] has the composition- the- Ra- ka - and the meaning of the word is kan neer vida - shedding tears .

*a numun-sag-gá : water of the first seeds = watering of seeds just planted ('water' + 'seeds' + 'first' +

genitive).

A numun-sag-gá has the composition - an -ma -an- sa- ka -ka - and the meaning of the word is vivasaaya mannu - agricultural land ; manja sedikku konjam thanni kaattu -[ missing letter the-] - watering the turmeric plant ; manja sedi - yellow plant- turmeric; thanni kaattu- watering .

*úa-númun : reeds, rushes ('water' + 'grass, rushes').

úa-númun has the composition- an- an- ma- an -and the meaning of the word is aath thu manalil naanal - the reeds on the river sand [ missing letters- the- and- la -]; aaththu- of the river ; manal - sand; naanal - reed.

*a-pa 4: funerary pipe (a clay pipe through which water and beer were poured into the grave) ('water' + 'small

canal').

A-pa has thecomposition- pa -and the meaning of the word is paanai - pot.

*a...ra : to ejaculate ('seminal fluid' + 'to strike, overflow').

A...ra has the composition- Ra - and the meaning of the word is yaeru- to climb; to fuck .

*a-ra-zu: prayer , rite ('tears' + 'to overflow' + 'to inform').

A-ra-zu has the composition- Ra- sa - and the meaning of the word is arsunai - ritual prayer with offering god with flowers , fruits and coconuts .

*a-ra-zu...e: to say a prayer [often introduces direct, quoted speech in the texts].

A-Ra-zu...e : has the composition- Ra- sa - and the meaning of the word is arsuanai sei - make rital offering with prayer .

*a-rá : way, road; times (multiplication) ('where' + 'to go, carry [plural]'; cf., a-ri-a).

a-rá has the composition- Ra -and the meaning of the word is mun tharai- land; tharai- floor; naeram - time; oru - one ; aru- to tear; aaru- river; yaeru- to climb ; maara - change .

a-rá-bu mušen: duck ('water' + 'to go [plural]' + 'to pull, tear out').

a-rá-bu mušen has the composition- Ra -pa - ma- sa- the- an - and the menaing of the word is Saeyon in simmaasanm parunthu - eagle , the throne of the lord; Aadi maasam pathinettam thaethi Cavery aathhtu thanni yil addi perukku ko ndaattam/ pandikai -[ missing letters- ka- and - la - ]; celebration on 18 th of the Tamil month Aadi when the cavery river is full flow ; aadi maasam- addi month; pathinettam thaethi- date 18 th; Cavery aaththu thanni -water of the River Cavery; perukku- good flow/multiply; pandikai- festivel; Tamil aadi maasam pathinaan ka am thaethi aadi pooram pandaki kondaatam- the celebration of aadi pooram festival falls on Aadi month 14 th [ missing letters- ka -and- la ];Tamil aadi maasam paththam thaethi aadi ammavaasi pirappu [ missing letters- ka and- la -]- aadi maasa new moon day falls on the Tamil month addi on 10 th..

a-ri-a, a- ru-a: district; desert, waste land ('where' + remote demonstrative affix + nominative).

A-ri-a has the composition- ra - and the meaning of the word is mun tharai - land / ground [ missing letter- the -].

a...ri : to engender ('semen' + 'to pour into').

A...ri has the composition- Ra- and the meaning of the word is aria oru - rare one .

*a...ru : to dedicate; to give as a votive gift (with dative) ('water' + 'to send').

Aru- has thecomposition- Ra - and the meaning of the word is arppanam - dedication [ missing letter- pa -]; neerai vaari iraikka [ missing letter- ka -]; theertham - sacred water[ missing letter- the -] .

a-sa-ga : propitious water ('water' + sa6-ga, 'to win fortune').

A-sa-ga has the composition- sa - ka - and the meaning of the word is vivasayam - agriculture; sakunam- fortune.

*a-sal-bar : architrave ('water' + 'to spread' + 'to distribute, remove').

A-sal-bar has thecomposition- sa- la -pa- Ra - and the meaning of the word is sannalin mael ulla paaram- the weight over the window ; sannalin mael puram- over the window ; sanal- window; male - above ; paaram- weight; puram- side.

a...si : to be filled with water ('water' + 'to fill up').

A...si has the composition- sa - and the meaning of the word is echchi- saliva; uchchi- top/peak .

a-silim : potion ('water' + 'health').

A-silim has the composition-[- sa-]- la- ma -and the meaning of the word is mala salam - motion and urine ; malam- motion; salam - urine; mana nalam - mental health ; manm- mind; nalam - health .

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a-šà-(g): field; area ('seed' + 'womb'; cf., a-gàr; ašag).

A-šà-(g): has the composition-[- sa -] -the- ka - and the meaning of the word is vithai- seed; kaadu- forest / agricultural land.

a-šà-dib(-dib)-ba : the act of trimming the fields and levees of vegetation in preparation fordrainage and irrigation ('fields' + 'to seize, bind, take away' + nominative).

*a-še-ra : lamentation.

A-še-ra : has the composition - sa- the- Ra - and the meaning of the word is sinthum neer - water drops ; sinthum kan neer - weeping [ missing letter- ka -]; kan neer - tears.

*a-šed12 : cool water ('water' + 'cool').

a-šed has the composition- [-sa-]- the -the - and the meaning of the word is sudu thanni- hot water; sudu- hot; thanni- water; aaththu thanni - river water; aaru/ aaththu - of the river ; pachcha thanni - cool water [ missing letter- pa -] .

a-(IM)šèg-gá : rainwater ('water' + 'rain' + genitive).

a-(IM)šèg-gá: has the composition- ma -[-sa-] - the- ka- ka- and the meaning of theword is vaanaththu kaar maekam thantha suththamaana thanni/neer - the pure water from the dark clouds of the sky [ missing letter - Ra - ] ; vaanam- sky; kaar maekam- dark clouds; thantha - given; suththamaana - pure; thanni- water .

a-šeš: bitter, brackish water ('water' + 'bitter, brackish').

a-šeš has the composition- sa- the- [-sa -] -the -and the meaning of the word is aaththu thanni odum saththam - the sound of the river water flow ; aaththu thanni- river water; odum- flow; saththam- sound.

Sound [E] has the composition- sa -an -the- and the meaning of the word is mani saththam - bell sound; mani bell; saththam- sound .

*a-ta : after ... ('when' + 'away from').

Ata has the composition- the - and the meaning of the word is munthaiya - before ; pinthaya - after[ missing letter- pa- ].

*a...tab : to hold or block water ('water' + 'to hold').

A...tab has the composition- the - pa - and the meaning of the word is thanni yae pidi - to hold the water ; thanni- water; pidi- to hold .

*a-tar...aka : to play; to mock ('water' + 'to cut, break' + 'to do, act').

A-tar...aka has the composition- the- Ra- ka -and the meaning of the word is mada yae thirakka- to open the dam ; madai- dam; thirakka- to open; kathara - shout .

a...tu5 : to bathe ('water' + 'to wash').

A...tu has the composition- the - and the meaning of the word is thanni yae thudai- wipe out the water; thanni- water; thudai- to wipe.

*a-tu5-a : lustration ('water' + 'to wash' + nominative).

A-tu-a- has the composition- the - and the meaning of the word is aaththu thanni yila thalai kuliththu manthai yim udalai yim thooimai yaakki vaa - take a head bath in the river and come with a pure mind and pure body - [ missing letters- la - and- ka -]; aaththu thannai river water ; thalai- head; kulikka- to take bath; manathu- mind; udal- body; thooimai- pure .

*a...tùm : to flow with water ('water' + 'to bring, carry').

A...tùm has the composition - the - ma - and the meaning of the word is aaththu mun- river-sand; munmaedu- mound; aaththu thanni ottaththodu mundi addiththu neenthu - to swim along with the river water flow ; aaththu thanni- river water; thanni ottam - water flow ; neenthi- to swim .

*a-tur-ra , a-tùr, é-tùr: hollow (of the furrow) ? ('water' + 'birth-hut' for a plant seed ?;related to Orel & Stolbova #1323, *hadar- "darkness" ?).

A-tur-ra has the composition- the -Ra - and the meaning of the word is thooram - menstrual period taboo .

Taboo [ E] has the composition- the -pa - and the meaning of the word is thappu- wrong .

Hadar has the composition- ka- the- Ra - and the meaning of the word is karuththa niram - dark color ; karuththa- dark; niram- color; karuththa vaanam- dark sky .

*a-ù: high water, spring flood ('water' + 'high').

A-ù has the composition- -u- and the meaningof the word is uooththu- spring.

*a-u4-te-na : at the cool of the day ('when' + 'day' + ten,'coolness').

a-u4-te-na has the composition- the- an - and the meaning of the word ia anthi naeram- evening time [ missing letter - Ra -]; thanami- cool; thinam- day .

*a-u5-ba...gál : to be at its high tide ('when' + 'on top' + bi,'its', + a,nominative, + 'to be').

A-u-ba...gál has the composition- pa- ka- la - and the meaning of the word is ponkum alai kal - rising waves; pongum- rising; alai- wave .

*a-ugu4 [KU]: the father who begot one ('semen' + 'to procreate').

A-ugu has the composition- ka - and the meaning of the word is aakkiyon- the creator/ author .

*a úš-a : to dam up water ('water' + 'piling up an earthen dam').

A úš-a has the composition- sa -the - and the menin gof the word is madai yae saaththu - close the dam ; madai- dam; saaththu- to close.

a-zi-ga : rising waters ('water' + 'to rise up' + nominative).

a-zi-ga has the composition- sa- ka- and the meaning of the word is thanni kasiya - water dripping [missing letter- the -]; thanni- water; kasiya - dripping.

a-zu ; a-zu5; a-su: physician (cf., azu).

A-zu has the composition- sa - and the meaning of the word is saamy- god; Saeyon- sun god .

*á...ág: to command ; to instruct (someone: -da-) ('strength' + 'to check').

A...ág has the composition- ka- and the meaning of the word is aakkinai - order.

*á-ág-gá : instructions, orders ('strength' + 'to check', + a, nominalizer).

A-ág-gá has the composition - ka- ka - - and the meaning of the word is vaakku - surety / boon .

*á-an-zú-lum-ma : date clusters; raceme ('arm, wing' + 'sky, high' + 'date fruit' ).

A-an-zú-lum-ma has the composition- an- sa- la -ma- ma -and the meaning of the word is echcham pazham - date fruit [ missing letter- pa- ].

giš - á-apin : part of a seeder plow ('arm' + 'plow').

Giš - á-apin has the composition- ka -[-sa-]- the- pa- an -and the meaning of the word is panam kottai - the palm seed .

*á-áš: what one needs ('strength' + 'to wish, desire').

A-áš has the composition- sa- the- and the meaning of the word is manathin aasai - the desire of the mind ; manathu- mind ; aasai- desire.

*á-bi ba-ma-ta : at one- half its hire price ('wages' + 'its' + 'to divide' + 'to go' + 'from').

A-bi ba-ma-ta - has the composition- pa- pa- ma- the-and the meaning of the word is paathi panam - half money ; paathi - half; panam- money .

Half [E] has the composition- ka- la-[- pa -]- and the meaning of the word is kaal- quarter ; kaal panam- one fourth money .

*á...búru : to open the wings ('wings' + 'to spread out').

A...búru has the composition- pa- Ra - and the meaning of the word is para - to fly .

*á-dab5 : hirelings ('wages' + 'to hire').

á-dab has the composition- the - pa - and the meaning of the word is vaadaki panam - money for renting [ missing letter- ka -]; vaadakai- rent; panam- money.

*á-dah : help; ally ('strength' + 'to add').

á-dah has the composition- the - ka - and the meaning of the word is uthavi- help.

*á-dam : settlement; levy ('wages' + 'spouse').

Adam has the composition- the - ma - and the meaning of the word is idam- place; madam- monastery ; thaai ammai - mother; thirumathi- spouse-[ missing letter- Ra -] .

Madam [ E] has the composition- ma- the -ma - and the meaning of the word is Thaai ammai - mother.

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á...dar : to confiscate ('wages' + 'to split').

Adar - has the composition- the-Ra - and the meaning of the word is thirai- tax money.

*á...dúb; á-dúb...aka : to flap one's wings (with -šè and -ši-, to fly towards) ('wings' + 'to

flap' + 'to do').

á...dúb; á-dúb...aka has the composition- the- pa - the - pa- ka - pada padakka - fluttering ; manathu padapadakka - palpitations of the heart .

*á-ní-za...dúb : to be (supported) on your own ('wings' + 'self' + 'your' + 'to flap').

A-ní-za...dúb has the composituion- an-[- sa-]- the -pa - and the meaning of the word is thun nambikai - self confidence [ missinh letter- ka -] ; thannai thanae paathu kaaththu kondu to be on one's own .

*á-gàr: embrace (?) ('arms' + 'something round and upraised').

A-gàr has the composition- ka -Ra -and the meaning of the word is aravanaikka- to embrace.

*á-gi4-a: reimbursed wages ('wages' + 'to return, restore' + nominative).

Agia - has the composition- ka - and the meaning of the word is kooli paakki - the balance wages [ missing letters- pa -and -la -] ; kooli- wages; paaki - balance amount .

*á-gú-zi-ga : early morning ('arms' + 'necks' + 'rising', + a, nominalizer).

A-gú-zi-ga has the composition- ka-[- sa-] -ka - and the meaning of the word is vai karai - early morning ; [ missing letter- Ra -].

*á...gur : to bend the arm ('arm' + 'circular motion').

A...gur has the composition- ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is kirakkam - kiranku - giddiness; kirakanam- eclipse; karanam- to roll over; karan- sun ; kaaranam - cause/reason; kaariyam- effect ; koormai- sharp ; karam - hand ; karumai- black ; veeram - courage; varam- boon; marumakan/varan[S] - son inlaw ; kari- elephant; kaar maekam- dark clouds ; varumai- poverty.

*á guruš-bi: workmen's wages ('wages' + 'workers' + 'its').

A guruš-bi has the composition- ka- Ra -sa -the- pa - and the meaning of the word is vae la i kaaranukku kodukka vaendiya panam kaasu [ missing letter - la -] - the money to be given to the servant ; vaelai kaaran- servant; kodukka vaendiya - to be given ; panam kaassu- money ; kaasu panam vaikkum pattu/ thole surukku pai- money purse.

á...gar : to act strongly; to oppress; to resist; to reinforce ('strength' + 'to establish').

Agar has the composition - ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is marukka- to say no / to deny ; verukka- to hate ; varukka- to fry; varuka varuka- welcome ; nakaru- to move; karumai- dark; varumai- poverty; vaaram- week ; veeram- courage; maravan- soldier; ethirkka- to resist [ missing letter- the -] ; athikarikka - to increase [ missing letter- the -]; koduramaaka - aggressively [ missing letter- the -]; varam- boon ; kaaram- spicy ; karam- hand ; arukka- to tear ; maaraka- on the other hand; kooruka- to tell; Murugan/karan - sun god .

*á-ge6-ba-a : at night ('side' + 'dark' + 'to divide' + locative).

Agebaa has the composition- ka- pa - and the meaning of the word is pakkam- side ; ka ru ppu pakkam- dark side ; pi ri ka- to divide-[ missing letter- Ra -] ; karuppu- black .

*a-KAL : strength; plow extension ('arm' + 'strong').

Akal has the composition- ka- la- and the mea ning of the word is valimai - strength ; kai kaala valimai - strength of the hands and legs; kai- hand; kaal- legs.

*á kaskal-la: migrant harvest workers ('arms, work performance' + 'road, caravan, journey' +

genitive).

A kaskal-la has the composition- ka- [-sa-] - ka- la -and the meaning of the word is vilai nila veli vaelai aall - agricultural worker from outside ; vilai nilam- agricultural lands; veli- outside ; vaelai- work; aall- person .

*itiá-ki-ti: calendar month 7 at Ur during Ur III; month 6 at Drehem through year 3 of Šu-Sin; calendar

month 7 at Drehem after Šu-Sin 3.

Itiá-ki-ti has the composition- the ka the - and the meaning of the Tamil month is aadi maatha kodai - the festival of Tamil Aaadi month.

Month - [ E] has the composition- ma -[-an-] -the- and the meaning of the word is maatham - month.

*á-kúš-ù: to prevail ('strength' + 'to be tired' ).

Aku š- u has the composition- ka- sa- the- and the meaning of the word is asathi kondu - tiredness.

*á-lá : fettered legs; paralyzed arms ('arms' + 'to bind').

Ala has the composition- la - and the meaning of the word is kaal kai veela - paralysis of leg and arm [missing letter - ka - ] ; kaal- leg; kai- arm ; vela - to fall .

*gišá-lá : a device for moving irrigation water, involving a water bucket hanging from a swinging beam

('arm' + 'to hang').

Gišala has the composition- ka -sa- the- la - and the meaning of the word is nan sei nilaththukku thanni uooththa kinaththu thanni yae kaiththu vaali yae katti ezhukka - to have water from the well for the agricultural land use the bucket tied with the rope ; nansei nilam- wet land ; kinaththu - from the well ; thanni- water; kaiththu- rope; vaali- bucket.

*kušá-lá: drum ('side' + 'to bind').

kušá-lá has the composition- ka- sa -the- la - and the meaning of the word is ketti maelam kottum saththam- the sound of the brum beats ; ketti maelam- a kind of drum; kottum- beating; saththam- sound .

á-ná-da: bed chamber ('side, wing + 'bed').

á-ná-da- has the composition- an- the- and the meaning of the word is thinnai- verandah .

Verandah has the composition- va -Ra- [-an-]- the- and the meaning of the word is veettin nadu koodaththin mun tharai - the mud floor of central hall of the house ; kattam tharai - stone/mud floor; veedu- house; nadu- center; koodam- hall ; mun- mud; tharai- floor .

Center [ E] has the composition-[- sa-]- an -the- Ra - and the meaning of the word is nadu tharai - center of the land ; nadu- center; tharai- land; nadu thirai naadu- Mediterranean country ; nadu thirai- Meditrranean sea; thirai- sea; naadu- country .

á-nu-gi4-a : irresistable ('strength' + 'not' + 'to answer, return' + nominative).

A-nu-gi-a has the composition- an- ka -and the meaning of the word is kavanm- attention/ careful; ankam- part ; kavanikka- to watch ; kovanam- loin cloth; vaanakam- sky; kaanakam- forest ; vannam- color; anuka - to approach .

*á-sàg[PA]: disease; sickness demon ('strength' + 'to scatter').

A-sàg[PA]: has the composition- sa- ka -pa - and the meaning of the word is seekku pini- disease .

*kušá-si : whip ('arm' + 'antenna-like').

kušá-si has the composition- ka - sa- the -sa- and the meaning of the word is saattai kuchchi - scepter.

*á-sikil (-la): pure, undiluted strength ( 'strength ' + 'pure' + nominative).

A-sikil(-la) has the composition- [-sa-] -ka- la -and the meaning of the word is vellai vannam - white color; ozhi vellam - bright light ; valiamai ulla allu - a man of strength .

*á...sud/sù : to move [intransitive] (reduplication class) (' arm' + 'to stretch' ).

á...sud/sù has the composition- sa- the - sa - and the meaning of the word is saththam po dathu seithu mudi [ missing letter- pa - ] - do it without making noise.

á...sud/sù has the composition- sa- the - sa - and the meaning of the word is kai yaei neettuka - stretch the arm ; kai- arm ; neettka - to stretch [missing letter- ka -].

*á-suh : elbow; bolt, bar ('arm' + 'to relocate').

A-suh has the composition- [- sa- ]- ka and the meaning of the word is kakkam - arm pit.

(urudu /zabar) á-sur: a type of ax ('arm' + 'to divide').

Urudu asur has the composition- Ra- the - sa -Ra -and the meaning of the word is arisi urundai - rice ball .

á-še : attention-getting exclamation: 'hey now!'.

Ase has the composition- sa -[-the-]- and the meaning of the word is chae chae - adj - for denial - no! no! ; chei chei - adj - for seeing or hearing or asking bad things; ichu ichu - the sound of kissing ; chu chu - go away ! go! ; aachhu -aachhu- sneezing; aachcha ? - isit done ?; uchchu uchchu- grumbling . .

á-šita4 , á-šu-du7 : parts, components (of the plow); equipment ('arm' + 'to join'/'to complete').

šu-du has the composition- [-sa- ]- the - the -and the meaning of the word is thaaththa thacha sattai - the shirt stitched by grand father; thaaththa- grand father ; thacha - stitched; sattai- shirt; sudu saatham- hot cooked rice; suththtamaana thanni - pure water; thodai- thigh; thaadai- jaw.

á...-ta : at the prompting of; by means of the strength of ('strength' + instrumental suffix) .

Ata - has the compoaition- the -and the meaning of the word is eduththu kodu - to give for picking up/ prompting [ missing letter- ka -] .

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á...tál: to have broad arms; to spread wings or arms ('arms; wings' + 'to be broad; to spread').

Atal has the composition- the- la -and the meaning of the word is thalai- head ; aadal- dance ; udal- body ; thaedal- to seek; madal- leaflet; laddu- a kind of sweet ; thulai- hole; thallai- mother; thaazha - below ; azhutha - wept .

*á-tuku: strength; able-bodied; mighty man ('arms; strength' + 'to have').

Atuku has the composition- the- ka -and the meaning of the word is kaattan - barbarian / mighty man.

*á-u4-te-en : in the evening ('side' + 'daylight' + 'to extinguish, cool down').

Auteen has the composition- va- the- an - and the meaning of the word is anthi vaanam - evening sky .

*á-úr : limb, limbs, extremities ('arms' + 'legs': Sumerian example of asyndetic hendiadys).

Aur has the composition- va - Ra - and the meaning of the word is karam- arm.

*á-zi(-da): right arm; with hitting , violence ('arm' + 'good, firm, right' + 'with').

Azida has the composition- sa- the - and the meaning of the word is saaththa- to beat heavily ; saaththa- to close ; asainthu nadanthu - walking slowly .

*ab-ba : father; elder; ancestor (Akk. loanword).

Abba has the composition- pa- pa and the meaning of the word is appan- father ; papa- baby ; mooppan - elderly man .

*ab-ba-uru : city elder ('elder' + 'city').

Abbaurau - has the composition- pa- pa- va-Ra - and the meaning of the word is uoor periyavar ai poei paaru - visit the the city elderly man ; uoor- city /village; periyavar- respectable man / elderly man ; po- go; paaru - to see .

*itiab(-ba)- è: calendar month 10 at Nippur during Ur III.

Iti ab ba e has the composition- the -pa- pa - and the meaning of the word is thai/aadi maatha pirappu -[ missing letter- Ra -] - the birth of the Tamil calendar month Thai / Aadi; maatham- month ; pirappu- birth .

ab-ki-iz : clean furrow, unobstructed by weeds ('niche' + 'trimmed').

abkiiz has the composition- pa- ka- sa- and the meaning of the word is pun sei kaani- dry agricultural land .

*ab-sín ; ab-si-im-ma; ab-sù-na: furrow ('niche' + 'to sift').

Absin has the composition- pa- sa - and the meaning of the word is pochchu - cunt; punsei poomi - dry land ; nan sei poomi - wet land .

*ab-sín-gilim-ba/ma : crossing, transversal furrow, possibly for drainage ('furrow' + 'to cross plow'

( + 'its') + nominative).

absin gilim ba ma has the composition- pa- sa- an- ka- la -ma pa -ma - and the meaning of theword is pun sai nilaththai aazhamaaka uzhutha pinnae vithai vithikka vaendum - the dry land has to be deeply ploughed before seeding ; pun sai poomi- dry land; aazha maaka - deeply; uzhuthu- to plough; pinnae- after; vithai- seed ; vithaikka- to plant.

áb-ama : mother cow ('cow' + 'mother').

Abama has the composition- pa- ma - and the meaning of the word is ammai appan - mother and father ; poomi- earth ; pasu maadu- cow-[ missing letters- sa -and- the -]; poom poom maadu [ missing letter - the -]- the cow is the fortune teller .

áb-amar : mother cow ('cow' + 'calf').

Abamar has the composition- pa- ma-Ra - and the meaning of the word is panni yum erumai yum - pig and the buffalo ; panni- pig; erumai- buffalo ; paamaran- an ordinary man ; murai pen - uncle's daughter and the future bride ; panai maram- palm tree; porumai- patience ; perumai- glory; paraman- god of the sky .

*áb-gir15/gi7 [KU]: domestic cow ('cow' + 'domestic').

Abgirgi has the composition- pa -ka- Ra -ka - and the meaning of the word is karaam pasu vai karaka [ missing letter - sa- ] to milk the [ kaaram breed ] cow ; kaaraakm pasu- a breed of cow ; karaka- to milk .

áb-gud-há : herd ( 'cow ' + 'bull' + 'assorted, mixed').

Abgud ha has the composition- pa- ka- the - ka -and the meaning of the word is pasu maattu kottakai - stable for the cow -[ missing letter - sa -]; pasu yudaiya kannu kutti - the calf of the cow; pasu- cow; kottakai- cottage / reed tent ; kannu kutti- calf.

Cow[ E] has the composition- ka- and the meaning of the word is ‘ ko' - cow.

Cottage [ E] has the composition- ka -the- ka - and the meaning of the word is kottakai - cottage.

áb-máh[AL]: cow in 3rd year of life that has calved ('cow' + 'calf').

Abmahal has the composition- pa- ma- ka- la -and the meaning of the word is pasuvum kaalai maadum - cow and the bull ; pasu- cow; kaalai maadu- bull.

áb-sag : a piece of tableware (?).

Ab-sag has the composition- pa -sa- ka - and the meaning of the word is panam kaasu vaikkum petti - cash box; panam / kaasu- money ; petti- box.

áb-úr : a piece of tableware (?).

Abur has the composition- pa- Ra - and the meaning of the word is aabaranam - ornament.

ad...gi4-gi4 : to give counsel; to converse (confidentially) (cf., ad...gi4).

Adgigi has the composition- the- ka -ka- and the meaning of the word is koottaththai koottuka - to begin/ arrange the meeting ; kaathai kodu - listen; koottam- meeting; koottuka- to start ; kaathu- ear .

*ad-kub4 [KID]: reed weaver; wicker-worker; maker of reed mats, boats, and containers.

Adkub has the composition- the- ka- pa - and the meaning of the word is padaku kattupavan- boat maker ; keeththu paai kattupavan/mudaipavan/ pinnupavan - maker of reed mat ; koodai pinnupavan - maker of basket ; paanai seiyum kusavan -[ missing letter- sa -] - pot maker; padaku- boat ; kattupavan- one who makes ; keeththu pai- reed mat ; koodai- basket; paanai- pot .

*ad-kíd : reed mat plaiter ('father' + kid, 'reed mat').

Adkid has the composition- the- ka- the -and the meaning of the word is keeththu kottakai - reed roof/tent ; keeththu- reed; kottakai- tent/roof /cottage .

* ad...ša4 : to wail; to resound; to sing ('song' + 'to mourn').

As.ša has the composition- the- sa- the -and the meaning of the word is paattu saththam- the singing sound [ missing letter- pa - ] ; saththam podu - make noise ; aatta saththam- the dancing sound; paattu- song; saththam- noise; aattam- dance.

Weil [ E]- has the composition- va- la - and the meaning of the word is Azhuka- to weep ; kavalai kon du azhuku - weep in sorrow/lament [ missing letter- the -] ; kaval i- sorrow.

*ad-tab : rein(s) ( 'shout' + 'to hold; to be double' ).

Adtab - has the composition- the- pa -and the meaning of the word is pidi- to hold; adipadai - basics ; erattai padai - even numbers ; saththam podu - to shout [ missing letter - sa -] ; saththam- noise .

*aga (3)-ús: policeman; companion, attendant; soldier ('crown' + 'to follow').

agaus has the composition- ka- sa - and the meaning of the word is saevakan - attender/ servant; kavasam- helmet .

*ah-du11-ga: spittle ( of sorcery ) ('spittle' + 'utterance').

Ahduga has the composition- ka- the- ka - and the meaning of the word is koddanki - black magic ; koodu vittu koodu paaya -[ missing latter - sa - ] soul travel [ out of body experience ] ; sevittu kaathu- deaf ears [ missing letter- sa -] ; kaathodu kaathaka - ear to ear ; se vidan kaathi la sangu uootha-[ missing letters- sa -and- la -] blowing the conch shell on the deaf ears; kaathu kittae kaththu - shout near the ears .

*ah...uš7[KA×LI]: to spit ('saliva' + 'spittle').

Ah uš has the composition- ka -sa- the- and the meaning of the word is siventha kannam - blushing; siventha - reddening; kannam- cheek ; sivantha naakku - red tongue.; sivantha kan- reddeing of eyes ; kan- eye.

ah...uš7[KA×LI]: has the composition- ka- sa- the- ka- la -and themeaning of the wotrd is vaai vazhi yae salam vadiya - salaiva coming out of the mouth ; mookku /naasi thulai vazhi yae Sali vadiya - sputum coming out of the nose ; kaathu vazhi yae seel kotta- pus pouring out of the ears ; vaai- mouth; vazhi yae - thorugh/ way; salam- water/pus ; mookku- nose/naasi ; Sali- sputum; kaathu- ear ; seel- pus

Salaiva [E]- has the composition- sa- la- va-and the meaning of the word is vaai salam- saliva; vaai- mouth; salam- water/secretions .

Nose[ E]- has the composituion- an- sa-- and the meaning of the word is naasi- nose .

Spit[E] has the composition- sa -pa -the- and the meaning of the word is echhi thuppu - spit the saliva ; echhi- saliva; thuppu- to spit.

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*-/ak-eš/: because (genitival suffix + adverbial suffix) .

Ak eš has the composition- ka- [- sa-] - the -and the meaning of the word is santhaekam- suspicion ; athu kondu - because of that .

*al...aka : to work at hoeing ('hoe' + 'to do').

Alaka - has the composition- la- ka - and the meaning of the word is nilaththil kalai koththu kondu kalai edukka-[ missing letter- the-]- to do weeding ; vilai nilaiththil - agricultural land ; kalai eudkka - to weed ; kalai koththu- hoe .

*al...di/dug4/e: to desire, pray, demand , insist (often with -ni-) ('hoe' + 'to make the motion of').

Aldiduge has the composition- la- the- the- ka -and the meaning of the word is azhuthu adam pi dikka -[ missing letter - pa -] to force one by weeping ; azhuthu- wept; adam pidikka- demanding .

Aldiduge has the composition- la- the- the- ka -and the meaning of the word is thaeivaththin kaalai thittu vanangu- pray the god by touching his feet ; theaivam- god; kaal- leg; thottu- touch ; vanangu - worship /pray .

Aldiduge has the composition- la- the- the- ka -and the meaning of the word is kalai koththu kondu kalai yae edukka - weed with the help of the hoe ; kalai koththu- hoe; kalai- weed; edukka - to remove.

*al...dù : to hoe ground that is already broken ('hoe' + 'to mould, shape').

Aldu has the composition- la- the - and the meaning of the word is nilaththai uzhuthu - ploughing the land ; nilam- land; uzhuthu- to plough .

*al-gazumx [ZUM+LAGAB]: an exotic spice.

Al-gazumx has the composition- la- ka -sa- ma -and the meaning of the word is samaiyalukkaana milaku - pepper for cooking ; samaiyal- cooking; milku- pepper.

Cook[ E] has the composition- ka- ka and the meaning of the word is aakkuka - to make .

*gišal-gar : musical instrument (' hoe ' + 'form, appearance').

Gišal-gar has the composition- ka- sa -the- la- ka- Ra- naathaswara isai yum ketti maelam kottum saththamum thiravidarin / Tamilar kalin veettu kalyaanaththil / thiru mana sadankil manja kayiru thaali [ thanka thalli ] yae [ maankalyam] manamakan manamaklin kazhuththil kattum naeraththil olikka vaendiyathu kaalam kaalamaaka nadakkum ondraakam - in Dravidian Tamils marriages during the time of bride groom tying the ‘thalli' round the neck of the bride - the will be ceremonial blowing of pipe and drum beating.

Gišal-gar has the composition- ka- sa -the- la- ka- Ra-and the meaning of the word is kovil il kudi irunthu maelam kottum muthaliyaar kulaththai saerntha aandavanai kalyaanam seitha thaeva thaasi aadal makalir - the temple prostitutes belonging to the caste ‘maelam kottum muthaliyaar ; kovil- temple; maelum kottum- drum beating ; muthaliyaar- a caste; kulam- a clan; aandavan - god; kalyaanam- marriage ; thaeva thaasi- temple prostitutes ; aadal maklir- dancing women.

Gišal-gar has the composition- ka- sa -the- la- ka- Ra-and the

meaning of the word is vilai nilaththil valarnthu irukkum sedi kodi yae kalai edukka uthavaum kalai koththu - the agricultural tool used for weeding ; vilai nilam- agricultural land; sedi kodi- plants and creepers ; kalai edukka- to weed; kalai kotthu - hoe.

*gišal-gar-sur9 : musical instrument (gišal-gar, + 'to hang, suspend' [suru5 ?]).

gišal-gar-sur has the composition- ka- sa- the- ka- Ra -sa- Ra- and the meaning of the word is mara kilaiy i l surukku kayiru kondu adaiyaa la m theriyaatha oruvan thar ko la i seithu kondaan - an un known person has hanged himself on a tree branch [ missing letter - la -] ; maram- tree; kilai- branch; kayiru- rope; adaiyaalam- identity ; oruvan- some one ; thar kolai- suicide.

*gišal-la-an : oak tree (Akk. loanword from allaanum , 'oak', cf., Orel & Stolbova #31 *'alan-/*'alun-

'tree').

Gišal-la-an has the composition- ka -[-sa-] -the - la -an-and the meaning of the word is aalam vizhuthu- the branches of the baniyan tree ; aal - baniyan tree; vizhuthu- branch .

*al-la-ha-ru : a tanning agent used to produce a white color.

Al-la-ha-ru has the composition- la -la- ka -Ra - -and the meaning of the word is thuni yae velukka uthavum savukaaram -[ missing letters- the and - sa -] the soap used to wash the clothes ; thuni- cloth; velukka- to wash; savukkaaram- soap .

*al-lu5 : crab ('digger' + 'to deceive').

Allu has the composition -la- and the meaning of the word is izhu- to pull ; valaiyil vila - got into the net / to trap [ missing letter- ka - ]- valai- net ; vizhu- to fall; nandu valai-[ missing letters - the- and -ka -] - the hiding hole of the crab; nandu - crab; valai- net / crevice /small hole .

*al-lub/ lu 5 : a type of ax (phonetic harmony variant of al-šub ?).

Allub has the composition- la -la- pa -and the meaning of the word is vilai nilaththai uzhuva uthavam uzhavanin kalappai - the farmer's plough used to plough the agricultural land [ missing letter- ka -] ; vilai nilam - agricultural land ; uzhuva- to plough ; uhavan- farmer; kalappai- plough .

Plough[ E] has the composition- pa- la- va -and the meaning iof the word is kalappai - plough ; vilai nilaththai uzhavum uzhavanin kalappai - the farmer's plough to ploughthe agricultural land .

*al-lu5-háb : a type of net (for crabs ?) ('crab' + 'to stink').

Alluhab has the composition- la- la- ka -pa -and the meaning of the word is vilai nilaththai kalapai kondu uluka - plough the land ; vilai nilam- agricultural land; kalapai- plough; uluka- to plough; valai kondu vaalai /vilaangu kozhuva meenai pidikka- with the net catch the fish ; valai- net; meen- fisg ; pidikka- catch ; nandu valaikkullae poei vittathu - the crab has gone in to it's hole [ missing letter - the -] ; nandu- crab; poei vittathu- gone .

gišal...ri/ra : to demolish with the hoe; to punish ('hoe' + 'to break open; to strike').

Gišal...ri /ra has the composition- ka- sa- the- la- Ra - and the meaning of the word is vilai nilaththil ulla sedi kodi ilai thazhai yae kalai yaedukka - weeding the agricultural land ; suththiyal uli kondu kal sirpam sethukuka - with help of hammer and chisel make the stone statue ; aduththavarin saamanai / udaimai yae kalavaadamal / thirudaamal irkka - do not steal otherman's things ; uooyir r kolai seiyaathirukka - do not murder any one ; aduththa veettu kaaranin illaalai / manaivi yaei sirthu alavum kooda kan kondu nokkathirkka - do not look at other man's wife ; aduththavarin manathai kaaya paduththaamal irukka - do not injure other man's heart ; kuththam paarkin sutram illai -[ missing letter - pa ] ; poi saatchi sollathirkka- [ missing letter- pa- ] - do not give false witness ; thaeva thaasi makalirudan uravu kollathirkka; do not have relation hip with prostitutes ; kallu , saaraayam matrum kanja vai ut kollathirkka - do not take liquor and cannabis ; ayalaanin vilai nilaththai kalavaada muyarchikkathae - do not take away other man's lands ; kaasi makan Thiru Murugan thantha paththu kattalaikal -[ missing letter- pa -] - ten commandements given by Marduk ; maththiya thirai kadal oddiyum thiraviyam thaedu - do not hesitate to go to the Mediterranean sea to seek wealth ; sisu kolai seiyaathirukka - do not do infanticide; Thamil mozhi suththiram kondu saaththira kalvi karkka - learn literatures in Tamil language ; kasutam / sankadam / thuyaram varum naeraththilum naermai yae kai vidaathae - even in difficult situations one should be honest ; vayathukku varaatha siru pennidam udal uruvu kollathae - do not indulge in sexual relation ship with girls who have not attained puberty ; penkalidam van punaichhi kollaathae - [ missing letter- pa- ] do not rape women ; orae paalinarudan paal uravu kollaatrhae - do not indulge in homosexuality; muthiyorai ikazhanthu paesaathae - [ missing letter- pa - ] do not mock at old people ; kulanthai thirumanathai seiyaethae - do not indulge in child marriages -----.

gišal-šub : ax-like hoe ('hoe' + 'to throw; to fell').

gišal-šub has the composition- ka- sa- the-la- sa -the- pa - and the meaning of the word is kalai koththu kondu sedi kodi yae ilai thazhai yae kalai yaeduththu kalapai kondu kaadu kaani yae uluthu vaelaenmai seithiduka - after weeding - plough the land for farming ; kalapai- plough; kalai koththu- hoe; sedi kodi- weed/plants ; vaelanmai - farming; kaadu kaani- agricultural lands .

*al...tag: to hoe ('hoe' + 'to handle').

Altag has the composition- la- the- ka -and the meaning of the word is kalai koththu - hoe; kalai koththu kondu kalai edukka- to hoe .

*gišal-tar: demolishing tool (?) ('hoe' + 'to cut, break').

Gišal-tar has the composition- ka- sa- the -la- the- Ra - and the meaning of the word is kallai suththi kondu udaiththu uli yaal sethukki kar silai seiya vaendum - break the stone with hammer and make the stone statue with help of chisel ; kaal- stone; suththi- hammer ; udai- break; uli- chisel ; sethukki - to make in to a shape ; kar silai- stone state ; seiya - to do.

Chisel[ E] has the composition- ka- sa- la - and the meaning of the word is kal lai sethukkum uli - the chisel to shape the stone ; kal - stone; sethuka- to make into a shape; uli- chisel.

*am-si : elephant ('wild ox' + 'horn, ray, antenna'; cf., šu-si, 'finger').

Ams i has the composition- ma- sa - and the meaning of the word is simmam- lion.

ama-ar-gi4 : freedom ('mother' + 'to shine' + 'to restore').

Amaargi has the composition- ma- Ra- ka - and the meaning of the word is Karumaari Ammai - goddess of fertility ; karuvakam- uterus; urimai mikka maakkar - the people having the rights .

*ama-gan; ama-ugu: natural or birth mother ('mother' + ùgun, ugu(4), 'to beget').

Amagan has the composition- ma -ka- an - and the meaning of the word is ammai yin makan - mother's son; ammai- mother; makan- son .

*itiamar-a-a-si: calendar month 10 at Lagaš during Ur III.

Iti amaraasi - has the composition- the- ma- Ra- sa- and the meaning of the word is Tamil calender month - Chittirai maasam .

* amar-kud : separated, weaned young animal ('calf' + 'to cut away from').

Amar kud has the composition- ma- Ra- ka- the - and the meaning of the word is karavai maadu- milk giving cow ; karavai- milk giving ; maadu- cow .

an-ba: refuse; litter; dirt ('open air' + 'to give up').

Anba has the composition- an- pa - and the meaning of the word is pani - mist /ice ; anpu- love ; maanpu- honorable ; panbu- character; pannai- farm ; panai- palam; punnai- a tree ; pini- sick ness; paanai- pot; pani- ice; pinnae - later; punnu- blister ; pani pen- servant maid ; pon mani- gold ; pen mani- woman ; paen - louse; pinam- dead body; panam- money ; punn- song .

AN.BAR: (cf., barzil).

Anbar has the composition- an- pa- Ra and the meaning of the word is irumbu - iron .

Barzil has the composition- pa- Ra- sa- la -and the meaning of thewordf is paarai sillu - blue metal ; paarai- rock ; sillu- small pieces .

*an-bar7 [NE]; an-bar: noon; midday ('sky' + 'to be bright').

Anbar has the composition- an -pa-Ra- and the meaning of the word is nan pakar naeram - noon [missing letter- ka -]; anpar- devotee; nanpar - friend ; irumbu - iron; erumbu - ant ; paraman - lord of the sky ; paruman - big; perumaan - lord of the sky .

*an-bir8[A-SUD]: noon; midday rest ('sky' + 'to be hot' ['WATER' + 'TO SIP']).

Anbir asud has the composition- an -pa- Ra-sa- the -and the meaning of the word is nan pakar naeram soottai thanikka thanni paruka [ missing letter- ka -] - during hot afternoon drink water ; nan pakar naeram- after noon ; soodu - hot ; thanni- water; paruka- to drink.

*an-dùl: shade; protection ('sky' + 'to cover, protect').

Andul has the composition- an-[- the-]- la - and the meaning of the word is nizhal - shade ; nizhal tha ru m niraiya ilai thazhai ulla maram - [ missing letter- Ra -] the tree with many leaves that gives shadow ; nizhal - shadow; niraiya - many ; ilai thazhai - leaves; maram- tree .

an-edin : high plain ('high' + 'steppe').

Anedin has the composition- an- the-[- an -] - and the meaning of the word is [thani] maithaanam - [separate] ground; anu thinam / thinam thinam- daily.

*an-ga-àm : likewise (cf., in-ga-na-nam).

Angaam has the composition- an- ka- ma-and the meaning of the word is avvannamae / ankanamae [M] -like wise.

*an-gá: and yet (affirmative prefix? + 'exists ').

Anga has the composition- an- ka - and the meaning of the word is vilanka - exist [missing letter- la -]; kavanikka - to look after; kavani -watch .

an-kára : (cf., enkara).

Ankara has the composition- an- ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is - vivasaayam seikiravan- one who does agricultural work ; vivasaayam- agriculture ; seikiravan - one who does .

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*an-ki: universe ('sky' + 'earth').

An-ki has the composition- an- ka - and the meaning of the word is vaanakam/ vaanam - sky; avani - earth .

Sky [ E] has the composition- [- sa-] - ka - and the meaning of the word is vaanam - sky ; sev vaanam - red sky .

AN.MUL : starry sky (verify than AN is not the rare sign ŠÚ; cf., kunga[ŠÚ.MUL]).

AN.MUL has the composition- an- ma- la - and the meaning of the word is mani maalai - stone neck lace.

*an-na...dug4 /e: to say yes ('yes' + 'to say').

An-na...dug has the composition- an -an- the- ka - and the meaning of the word is nee sammathikka vaenum [ missing letter - sa -]; you should give consent .

*an-nisig (-ga): beautiful sky, blue sky ('sky' + 'beautiful, blue').

an-nisig has the composition- an- an- sa- ka- and the meaning of the word is azhakaana sev vanna vaanam- beautiful red sky ; azhakaana - beautiful ; sev vannam- red color; vaanam- sky .

*an-sig7-ga : the beautiful sky ('sky' + 'to be beautiful' + nominative).

An-sig-ga has the composition- an- sa- ka- ka- and the meaning of the word is sev vaanam kaanka - look at the red sky ; sev vaanam- red sky; kaanka- to see .

an-ša4-anki : Anshan - place name for powerful city in Elam - Tall-i Malyan near Persepolis in the Fars

province of Iran.

An-ša4-anki has the composition- an -sa- the- an- ka -and the meaning of the word is anjaatha nenjam kondavan - the man with brave heart .

*an-šár(-ra): all of heaven, the whole sky ('heaven' + 'totality, horizon').

An-šár(-ra ) has the composition- an- sa -the -Ra - and the meaning of the word is anda sarasaram- all of the universe .

*an-še: ear of grain ('grain ear' + ' grain , barley').

An še has the composition- an-[- sa-] - the- and the meaning of the word is saamai thaaniyam- little millet .

*an-ta: above ('heaven' + locative with remote deixis).

An-ta has the composition- an- the- and the meaning of the word is andam- universe; thandum - spear; mundam - body without head; maanda- dead .

an-ta-gál : high, superior ('sky; high' + 'from' + 'to be').

an-ta-gál has the composition- an- the- ka- la - and the meaning of the word is anda veli - the space of the universe; anda kolam- universe ; anthi maalai vaelai- evening time ; veluththa vaanam- white sky ; vaanththilae mazhai maeka koottam - dark rain clouds over the sky ; kantha vaelan; thanikai malai ; vaanaththu kaaval kaakkum kaavalan- the ruler/keeper of the sky ;muthalvan- the first man - the sun god ; thamil kudi makan ; saeval kodiyon - lord Murugan ; ulakai aalum thanthai kaalaiyan makan- vaelan .

an-ta...gi4 : to meet ('heaven' + 'from' + 'to return').

an-ta...gi has the composition- an- the - ka -and the meaning of the word is vaanaththae koodiya maeka koottam- the assembly of clouds of the sky .

*an-ta-sur-ra: a stone ('heaven' + 'from' + 'boundary marker' + nominative).

An-ta-sur-ra has the composition- an- the- [-sa-] - Ra - and the meaning of the word is anda sarasaram - universe [ suriyan , santhiran , mun tharai /tharani ] and the other beads of hanging stars of the sky ; raththinam - diamond ; senthooram ; santhana maram- sandal wood ; anthi saayum naeram - evening time ; maththiyaana naeram - after noon ; ; mun tharai- earth ; antharam- in between the sky and the earth / in the air ; suriya chanthiran - the sun and the moon ; surian - sun; chanthiran - moon ; tharaa mani ; tharani- world ; thiru neer - sacred ash ; Sundra moorthi- sun god ; Saundrya - moon goddess ; Senthaamarai- moon goddess/ lotus .

an-ub-da : regions; "quarter" ('sky' + 'corners' + 'with').

An-ub-da has the composition- an- pa -the - and the meaning of the word is pattinam - city / harbor city ; poomi thaanam- land gift ; poomi - land/earth; thaanam- gift ; pan naattu- international ; pan- many ; naadu- nation; man paaththi - small parts of the farm land ; mun paathai- ungravelled road .

an-úr : horizon ('sky' + 'base, floor').

An-úr has the composition- an- Ra - and the meaning of the word is aran- fort .

*an-uraš: heaven and earth; universe ('heaven' + 'earth').

Anuraš has the composition- an- Ra - sa- the- and the meaning of the word is anda sarasaram - universe .

*an-usan : evening ('sky' + 'evening').

An-usan has the composition- an - sa- an - and the meaning of the word is an thi saayum na er am - sun set time [ missing letter- the -and- Ra-] .

*an-za-kàr : tower, fort ('heaven' + 'stone' + 'round, high thing').

An-za-kàr has the composition- an-[- sa-] - ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is maka raasanin aran manai/ kottai - the palace / fort of the king ; aran manai- palce; kottai- fort -[ missing letter- the -] ; raasa- king; maka rasan- king of kings ; senkundram - red hills-[ missing letter- the -] ; Thiru Murugan in Raasankam- kingdom of Marduk ; senkathiron[ missing letter- the -] ; Sahu vasikkem idamae' kirakamae sorkkamaakum - heaven is the place where the god Sahu- Marduk lives [ missing letter- the -] ; Sahu- Egyptian / Sumerian Tamil sun god - Thiru Murugan - Marduk ; vasikkum- living ; idam- place; kirakam- planet ; sorkkam- heaven ; Suriya kirakanam - solar eclipse; vaan uyaramaana sikaram - the tower which touches the sky ; vaan uyaram- height as that of the sky; sikaram- peak; Saekaran- evening sun ; sankaran- sun god; vairaa mani -diamond ; vairavan- sun god ; karu mani- dark stone; suriyan vaanin uchchikku varum naeram- the time at ehich the sun comes to the center of the sky ; karnan ; kaar maeka vannan ; Siva kaasi makan Murugan- Sahu ; Sakkara vaakanan - the sun god; sakkaram- wheel; vaakanan- the one who drives the vehicle ; saevar kodiyon- the sun god whose flag has the rooster symbol [ missing letter- the -]; saevar kodi- the flag with the rooster; anthi saayum naeram - evening time [ missing letter- the -]; karunakaran; kiruttinan / Krishnan ; varunan ; Dhana saekaran ; Kathiravan ; Maara varman ; etharkkum anjaatha nenjam kondavan- the one with brave heart; saaraiyum karu naakamum koodi sarasam seivathai kaanka [ missing letter- the -] - the serpent and the cobra mating together ; Sivanin moondraavathu kan sivakka - the third eye of the lord Siva getting red; suriya vanakkam- wordhip the sun god ; suriyanai namaskaaram sei [S] - worship the sun god. .

an-zag, an -zà: where heaven ends ('heaven' + 'side, boundary').

an-zag has the composition- an-sa-ka-and the meaning of the word is uchchi vaaanam - zenith ; uchchi- top/peak; vaanam- sky .

*an-zah: heated or fused lead (an, 'tin' + 'to be calm').

an-zah -has the composition- an -sa -ka -and the meaning of the word is sev vaanam - red sky ; kan sivakka- reddening of the eye ; kannam sivakka - blushing ; naakku sivakka - tongue becoming red ; vaanam sivakka- sky becoming red ; kanimaththai sivakkum vannam kaachuka - heat it until the metal turns red ; kanimam- metal; sivakkum vannam- to make it red ; kaachchuka - heat /boil .

anše-bala : pack-ass ('equid' + 'to cross over, deliver').

Anše-bala has the composition - an -sa- the- pa- la - and the meaning of the word is Saeyon in simmaasana meththi - puli - tiger - the throne mattress of the sun god ; saeyon- sun god ; simmaasanam- throne ; meththai - mattress; puli- tiger .

Tiger[ E] - has the composition- the- ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is karadi - bear; kuthirai - horse .

anše-bar-an-mi2 : female donkey ('equid' + 'foreign' + 'high' + 'female').

Anše-bar-an-mi has the composition- an- sa -the -pa- Ra -ma - and the meaning of the word is Saeyon in simmaasana meththai mani pura - spotted dove - the throne mattress of the sun god ; mani pura - spotted dove .

anše-bar-an-nita2 : male donkey ('equid' + 'foreign' + 'high' + 'male').

Anše-bar-an-nita has the composition- an- sa- the- pa- Ra- an the -and the meaning of the word is Sayonin simmasana meththai parunthu - eagle , the throne mattress of the sun god ; parunthu- eagle.

Eagle[ E]- has the composition- kala- and the meaning of the word is kazhuku- eagle .

anše-bìr: ass yoked in a team ('equid' + 'team').

Anše-bìr : has the composition- an- sa- the- pa- Ra - and the meaning of the word is Saeyon in simmaasana meththai- pura - pigeon - the throne mattress of the sun god ; pura - pigeon .

anše-dub : ass registered on a tablet ('equid' + 'tablet').

Anše-dub has the composition- an -sa -the- the- pa - and the meaning of the word is Sayonin / Aathi Saesanin simaasana meththai parunthu paambu / saarai punithai / paambu/sarpam [ missing letter - Ra -] - the snake [ or the crested serpent eagle ] - the throne mattress of the sun god ; paambu /sarpam ; saarai punithai- the snake - moon goddess ; parunthu - eagle.

anše-du24-ùr : (cf., dur9[ŠUL]).

Anše-du-ùr has the composition- an- sa- the- the- Ra -and the meaning of the word is Saeyon in simmasana meththai- siruththai - panther - the throne mattress of the sun god ; siruththai- panther.

anše-edin-na : wild ass ('equid' + 'steppe' + a(k), genitival postposition).

Anše-edin-na has the composition- an- sa- the- the- an-an - and the meaning of the word is anjaatha nenjathinan - one with brave heart ; anjaatha- brave ; nenjam- heart .

anše-giš : workass ('equid' + 'tool').

Anše-giš has the composition- an- sa- the -ka- the- Saeyon in simmasana meththai sinka kutti - lion cub - the throne mattress of the sun god ; sinka kutti- lion cub .

*ANŠE-ka: one of the best groups of people.

ANŠE-ka has the composition- an- sa- the- ka -and the meaning of the word is anjaatha nenjaththai konda manithan - a man of brave heart ; anjaatha- fearless; nenjam- heart; manithan- man.

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*anše-kunga (2): mule ('horse' + 'donkey').

Anše-kunga has the composition- an- sa -the- ka- an- ka -and the meaning of the word is Saeyonin simmaasana meththai vaenkai - the throne mattress of the sun god - tiger ; vaenkai- tiger .

*anše-mar: chariot or wagon ass ('equid' + 'wagon').

Anše-mar has the composition- an -sa- the- ma-Ra - and the meaning of the word is santhana marathth al seitha thaer - the temple car made from sandal wood [ missing letter- la -] ; santhana maram- sandal wood; seitha - done; thaer - car .

Anše-mar has the composition- an- sa -the -ma- Ra - and the meaning of the word is Saeyonin simmaasana meththai arima- the throne mattress of the sun god - lion ; arima - lion .

*itiapin-dug-a : calendar month 8 at Nippur during Ur III.

Itiapin-dug -a has the composition- the- pa- an- the- ka - and the meaning of the word is pankuni maatham - Tamil calendar month pankuni ; pankuni maatha kodai .

* APIN-lal : cultivating leasehold land ('plow' + 'to pay').

APIN-lal has the composition- pa- an- la- la - pokkiya nila panam - the money from the leasehold land ; pokkiym- leasehold; nilam- land; panam- money.

*gišapin-numun : plow fitted with seeder attachment ('plow' + 'seed').

Gišapin-numun - has the composition - ka- sa- the -pa -an -an- ma -an -and the meaning of the word is mazhai kaalaththil nan sei allathu pun sei vilai nilaththu mannai maadu poottiya kalapai kondu uzhatha pinnae vithai yae mannilae thoovi vithaikka vaendum [ missing letter- la ]- during the rainy season after ploughing the land one should do seeding .

apin-ús : plowman's helper ('plow' + 'to follow; to be next to').

apin-ús has the composition- pa- an -[-sa-] -and the meaning of the word is pannai - farm .

*ar(2)...de6/túmu : to praise ('praise' + 'to bring').

Ar...de/túmu has the composition- Ra- the - the -ma -and the meaning of the word is mariyaathai thaa- give respect ; thani maraiyaathai- special honor .

*gišar-ga-nu-um : a coniferous tree (Akkadian loanword ?).

Gišar-ga-nu-um has the composition- ka- [-sa-] - the- Ra- ka- an- ma -and the meaning of the word is thaekku mara kannu- the teak plant ; thaekku maram- teak wood; kannu- plant.

ár...e/i : to praise ('praise' + 'to speak; to send forth').

Arei has the composition- Ra - and the meaning of the word is mariyaathai -[ missing letter - the -]- to respect / to honor .

aš-me: sparkle, glimmer; sundisk; star symbol; rosette ('unique' + 'function, power').

Aš-me has the composition an- sa- the -and the meaning of the word is nachchithram - star [ missing letter- Ra -] .

áš á-zi-ga...bal : to curse with violence ('curse' + 'raised arms' + 'to deliver').

Aš á-zi-ga...bal has the composition - sa- the- -sa- ka- pa- la - and the meaning of the word is veenaaka avanudaiya pazhi paechukkum thittukkum yaechhukkum nee aalaaka vaendaam - you need not bear his curse /scoldings ; pazhi paechchu - curse; yaechhu - curse; thittu- to scold .

Aš á-zi-ga...bal - has the composition- sa- the- sa- ka- pa- la - and the meaning of the word is mukaththil kadum kopaththudan kankal sivakka kai yaei uoosaththi saththam pottu avalai avan vasai paadinan/ yaesinaan - with a terrible face , red eyes and raised arm he shouted at her .

*áš...bal : to curse ('curse' + 'to deliver').

Aš...bal has the composition- sa- the -pa- la - and the meaning of the word is pazhiththu paesu - to tease.

*áš...dug4 / e : to curse ('curse' + 'to speak/effect').

Aš...dug/e has the composition- sa- the- the- ka - and the meaning pf the word is saththamaaka avanai thittu - scold him in loud voice; saththam- loud noise; thittu- to scold .

*áš...gi4 : to answer with a curse ('curse' + 'to answer').

Aš...gi has the composition- sa- the- ka -and the meaning of the word is kadinthu ; kadinthu paesuka - to answer angrily [ missing letter- pa -] .

áš...mú: to curse ('curse' + 'to blow, speak').

Aš...mú has the composition- sa- the -ma -and the meaning of the word is saththama thittu / yaesu - scold loudly .

áš...sar: to curse ('curse' + 'to write').

Aš...sar has the composition- sa- the -[-sa-] - Ra -

and the meaning of the word is saramaariya yaesi thittu- continous scolding.

*gišaz-gú: neck-stock ('fetter' + 'neck').

gišaz-gú has the composition- ka - sa- the- [-sa-] - ka-and the meaning of the word is kazhuththu sangili - neck chain [ missing letter -la -] ; kazhuththu - neck ; sangili - chain .

ba-al : to dig (a canal); to channel ('to divide' + 'digging stick').

Ba-al has thre composition- pa- la -and the meaning of the word is pallam - furrow/ pit .

*gišba-an: a container.

Gišba-an has the composition- ka - sa- the- pa- an - and the menin gof the word is panam kaasu nakai yae paathukaapaaka vaikkum petti / paaathu kaappu pettakam - safty box for money and jewels ; panam kaasu - money ; nakai - jewel; paathukaappu - safty ; pettakam/ petty- box .

ba-ba : pudding, malt-sweetened porridge.

Pa-ba has the composition- pa pa and the meaning of the word is appam- baked rice snack .

ba-da-ra : poniard (Akk. patarru , pattaru ).

Ba-da-ra has the composition-pa- the- Ra - and the meaning of the word is mara pidi - wooden handle ; mara pattai ; periya koormaiyaana patta kaththi - a sharp big knife [ missing letter- ka -]; koormaiyaana - sharp ; patta kaththi - knife .

ba-lá : it is less (conjugation prefix + 'light, deficient').

Ba-lá has the composition -pa- la -and the meaningof the word is paezhai - box .

*ba-rV : to fly, flee (cf., bad, bar).

Ba-rv has the composition- pa -Ra -va and the meaning of the word is parakka - to fly ; parakkum paravai - flying bird.

*ba-ra(-g): to spread out (cf., bara4).

Ba-ra(-g) has the composition- pa-Ra- ka - and the meaning of the word is parappuka - to spread out .

gišba-rí-ga : bushel; square-based measuring vessel = 6 bán in all periods (= 36 liters in Old

Sumerian period and 60 liters in Old Akkadian and Neo-Sumerian period) (cf., bariga).

gišba-rí-ga has the composition- ka -sa- the- pa- Ra -ka - and the meaningof the word is pa la ni m ala i Thirumurugan kovil lu kku ka al nadaiyaaka payanam sendru vara thayavu seithu erupathi erendu maakani [ 100 grams] arisi kodai koduthtu uthavi seika - to go to Palani Malai temple by road to worship Lord Murugan , please give me 100 grams of rice [ missing letter- la -] .

ba-ta-tur ; ba-ra-tur: it is short (conjugation prefix + earlier/later ablative case prefix + 'small,

insufficient').

Ba-ta-tur has the composition- pa- the- the- Ra - and the meaning of the word is peruththa/paruththa ondru - a big one; adi peruththa maram - wide based tree .

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*ba-zi : dispersed ('to divide' + 'to go out').

Ba-zi has the composition- pa- sa -and the meaning of the word is pirichchu - to divide [ missing letter- Ra -] .

*bàd-nigin : circular city wall ('city wall' + 'enclosure, circle').

bàd-nigin has the composition- pa- the - an- ka- an - and the meaning of the word is vattamaana kottai yae konda naadukku/ pattinaththukku pokum paathai - the path way to the state which has a circular fort; vattamaana - circular; kottai- fort; pattinam- city ; naadu - state; pathai- path way ; panam thoppukkum thennam thoppukkum maankkattukkum pokum paathai .

bàd-si : parapet, battlement ('city wall' + 'long, narrow').

bàd-si has the composition- pa -the [-sa-] -and the meaning of the word is paathai - path way ; sem mun paathai - dirt road ; panam thoppu- palm grove .

bàd-si-an-na : high battlements ('parapet' + 'to be high' + nominative).

Bàd-si-an-na has the composition- pa- [-sa-] -the- an- an- and the meaning of the word is panam thoppum thennam thoppum - palm grove and coconut grove .

*bàd-šul-hi ; bàd-sìl-hi: outer wall ('city wall' + 'invader'/'path' + 'numerous').

bàd-šul-hi ; has the composition- pa -the -sa- the- la -ka- and the meaning of the word is malai kottaikku/ palani malai kovilukku sellum kaattu paathai - the gut road to the temple of Palani malai ; pattinaththai / naattai suththi ulla vattamaana kallaal aana kottai - the stone fort going round the city; pattinam- city ; suththi- encircling; vattamaana - circular ; kal- stone ; kottai- fort .

*Sbala-šè...aka : to transport ('goods delivery' + 'towards' + 'to do').

Bala-šè...aka has the composition- pa- la- sa- the- ka -and the meaning of the word is vandi / vaakanaththai vaadakaikukku pidiththtu intha pala sarakku saamanai / vaazhai pazha thaarai kadaikku/santhaikku kondu poei viththu panam kaasau kondu vaa [ missing letter- Ra -] - rent a vehicle and take this goods / banana to the market and sell them to make money.

bala-dab5-ba : worker hired to work for a bala' period ('term' + 'to hire' + nominative).

Bala-dab-ba has the composition- pa- la- the- pa- pa - and the meaning of the word is pazha thottaththil / pannai nilaththil / vilai nilaththil / maattu pannaiyil panikku vantha thina ko oli pannai aal - [ missing letter- ka -] the farm worker came to work for daily wages in the farm land/ fruit garden/ agricultural land / diary farm ; pannai aal - farm worker; thina kooli- daily wages; pani - work; maattu pannai- diary farm; vilai nilam- agricultural land; pannai- farm; pazha thottam- fruit garden.

bala éš-kàr : fraction of an assignment ('term, portion' + 'work assignment').

Bala éš-kàr has the composition- pa- la- sa -the- ka- Ra - and the meaning of the word is oru periya vilai nilaththai/ pannai yaei sedi kodi yaei neeeki kalai yaeduththu uzhuthu payir idum vaelai yae pannai aalkalukku priththu / pakirnthu kodukka - the work of ploughing and seeding a big farm has to be shared by many farm workers; periya vilai nilam- big agricultural land ; uzhuthu - to plough; payir ida - to seed ; vaelai- work ; priththu- to divide; pakirnthu- to share.

bala-gub-ba: worker stationed to work for a bala' period ('term' + 'to stand' + nominative).

Bala-gub-ba has the composition- pa- la -ka -pa- pa - and the meaningof the word pakal vaelai yil paal pannai yae kaval kaakkum kooli aal - kavalali - the day watch man for the diary farm ; pakla vaelai- day time; paal pannai- diary farm; kaaval kaakkum- to watch ; kaavalaali- watch man .

*gišbala...sir5 : to spin with a spindle ('spindle' + 'to spin').

Gišbala sir has the composition- ka- sa- the -pa- la - sa Ra - and the meaning of the word is saaya thanniyilae nanaiththu vannam thoikkaapatta paruththi / pattu noolai vaiyalil nandraaka kaaya vaiththa pinnar raattai yil noolai sutrai nool noorkka vaendum - after coloring the cotton / silk fibres , they have to be dried and then later made in to threads using spinning wheel ; saaya thanni- coloring water; vannam thoikkapatta - colored; paruththi- cotton/ pattu- silk; nool- fibre/thread ; raattai- spinning wheel ; nool noorkka - to spindle.

balag-íl: harp or lyre carrier ('harp' + 'to lift').

Balag-íl has the composition- pa- la- ka- la -and the meaning of the word is pullankuzhal - flute.

balag-ír-ra : lamentation harp ('harp' + 'lamentation' + genitival a(k)).

Balag-ír-ra has the composition- pa- la- ka- Ra- Ra- and the meaning of the word is mika periya pullankuzhal kalignar - great flute artist ; periya - big; pullankuzhal- flute ; kalaignar - artist .

*bar...aka: to choose; to examine ('to open; to see; to select' + 'to do').

Bar...aka- has the composition- pa- Ra -ka - and the meaning of the word is porukku - to choose ; thiranthu paarkka- open and see [ missing letter- the -] ; thira- open ; paarkka- to see .

*bar-tam...(ak ): to choose ( 'to open; to see ; to select' + 'polished, shiny' [ + 'to do']).

Bar-tam...(ak) has the composition- pa -Ra- the- ma- ka- and the meaning of the word is thirantha puththakam - open book; thiranthu - opened; puththakam- book; puththtakaththai / kadiththaththai thiranthu paarkkama - not opening the book/letter; kaditham- letter; thaevam/devan porukkiya manithan- the man chosen by the lord ; devan- lord; porukkiya - chosen; manithan- man .

(giš)bar-bar : part of a weaver's loom (shuttle ?).

(giš)bar-bar has the composition- ka -sa -the- pa- Ra- pa Ra -and the meaning of the word is paruththi / pattu noor kandai raattinaththai kai kondu sutri nool noorkka- with the help of a spinning wheel make the cotton/silk fibres in to threads ; paruththi- cotton; pattu- silk; raattinam- spinning wheel; nool noorkka- to spindle.

*gišbar-bé-da: a tool.

Gišbar-bé-da has the composition- ka -sa- the- pa- Ra- pa the -and the meaning of the word is maamisa kari arukka uthavum periya koormai yaana patta kaththi - big and sharp bladed butcher's knief ; maamisam- meat; arukka - to cut; periya - big; koormaiyaana - sharp; kaththi- knife .

Gišbar-bé- da has the composition- ka- sa- the- pa- Ra- pa -the - and the meaning of the word is periya kadappaarai yaei kondu sem mun poomi yaei thondi / pariththu thaekku mara sediyaei/kannu naduka - with the help of the iron rod [kadappaarai- iron tool ] - dig the soil and plant the teak wood plant ; periya kadappaarai - big/ lengthy iron rod; sem mun poomi- red soil ; thondi- dig; thaekku maram- teak wood; naduka - plant [ v] ; sedi - plant[ n] .

*bar...dab5 : to escape ('outside' + 'to take away').

Bar...dab has the composition- pa- Ra- the- pa - and the meaning of the word is thappiththu uyirodu uoor poei sa eru -[ missing letter- sa -] - escape to your place/village saving your life; thappiththu- esacape ; uyir - life; uoor- village .

*bar...dag : to wander far away (' outside' + 'to roam about').

Bar...dag has the composition- pa- Ra- the- ka - -and the meaning of the word is puraththae kiranki vaa - roam outisde ; puraththae- outside; kiranki- to go for a round.

*gišbar-dil : a type of plow (rare outside of lexical lists).

gišbar-dil has the composition- ka- sa -the- pa- Ra- the- la - and the meaning of the word is aadi maasam nalla mazhai peiyum naeram Caveri aatrilae vellam karai purandu odum vaelai yilae kaalai maattai kalapai yil pootti - vilai nilaththai [ pun sei /nan sei nilaththai] nandraaka uzhuthu kalai eduththa pinnarae vithai vithaikka vaendum - when there is full water in Cavery river during the month of Aadi - plough the land and then do seeding ; kalapai- plough .

bar-dúb-ba: a good price ( 'to split , distribute' + 'to knock down' + nominative).

Bar-dúb-ba has the composition- pa-Ra- the- pa-pa- and the meaning of the word is piriththu padiththu/pottu paaru - open and read; piriththu- open/ divide ; padi- to read.

*gišbar-e11-dè : rope braiding lever ('outside' + 'to descend' + participial ending).

Gišbar-e-dè has thecomposition- ka -sa -the- pa- Ra- the - and the meaning of the word is kayiru kattiya va ali yae kinnathth ila e irakki vi la i ni la ththirkku/ vaya la ukku thanniyae iraikka/ paachchuka -[ missing letter- la -] - with the rope tied bucket get the water from the well for the land ; kayiru- rope; vaali - bucket; kinaru - well; vayal- farm land; thanni- water; paachchuka- to let.

bar-edin-na : edge of the desert ('side' + 'steppe' + genitival a(k)).

Bar-edin-na has the composition- pa- Ra- the- an -and the meanin ngof the word is perum manar parappu tharai oram - edge of the desert ; oram- edge; perum manar parappu tharai - big sandy land .

*bar-ég-ga: outer side of the levee ('outer side' + 'levee' + genitival a(k)).

bar-ég-ga has the composition- pa-Ra -ka -ka -and the meaning of the word is Cavery aaru karai ora pakkamaaka irukkum uoor karur ; vaikai aatram karai ora pakkamaaka irukkum uoor Madurai [ missing letter- the -] ; near the banks of the cavery river is the city karur / woraiyur [Ur]; Cavery aaru- river cavery; karai oram- near the banks ; pakkamaaka - near by ; uoor[ ur] village/city .

*bar...gub: to step outside ('outside' + 'to stand').

Bar...gub has the composition- pa- Ra- ka- pa - and the meaning of the word is periya kopuram - big tower; periya - big; kopuram- tower. puram pookku - waste land / un used government land ; ap puramae nee pokuka - go to the other side

*ar-ta...gub: to withdraw from ('side' + 'to stand aside').

Bar-ta...gub has the composition- pa- Ra- the- ka- pa- and the meaning of the word is poer padai thanthiramaaka uyir saetharaam thadukka vaendi pin vaankiyathu - it was a tactical move to withdraw the army to avoid loss of lives ; poer padai - army; thanthiram- tactics ; uyir saetham- loss of lives; thadukka- to avoid; pin vaankiyathu- withdraw .

*bar-gùn-gùn-nu: chameleon ('sides' + reduplicated 'to be multicolored' + nominative with vowel

harmony).

Bar-gùn-gùn-nu has the composition- pa- Ra- ka- an- ka an -an - and the meaning of the word is vaanath thae parakkum karum pach chai vannamum sivap pu niramum konda paravai koottaththai kaanka- [ missing letter - sa -and - the -] - see the dark green and red colored birds flying in the sky ; vaanam- sky; parakkum- flying; karum pachchai- dark green; sivappu- red; paravai- bird; kaanka- to see.

Bar-gùn-gùn-nu has the composition- pa- Ra- ka- an- ka

an -an - and the meaning of the word is marath thu ma la e yaerum than niraththai maatrikollum pach ch onthiyae nee kaanka [missing letter- sa-la- and- the -]- see the chameleon which changes it's color climbing on the tree ; maram- tree; yaerum- climbing; pachchonthi- chameleon ; kaanka - to see.

*bar...gál: to be outside; to be extra ('outside' + 'to be').

Bar...gál has the composition - pa- Ra- ka- la - and the meaning of the word is poer kalam- battle field ; periya kulam - big pond; perum kalai - special arts; porutkal- things ; kovil puram- near/outside the temple ; perum kavalai- big worry ; veli puramaaka irukka - be outside .

*bar-gál-la : unsheared ('fleece' + 'to be in place' + nominative).

Bar-gál-la has the composition- pa- Ra- ka- la- la - and the meaning of theword is vellai nira palinku kal- white marble stone ; vellai niram- white color; palinku kal- marble stone.

Bar-gál-la has the composition- pa- Ra- ka- la- la - and the meaning of theword is pattai theetta padatha vaira kal - un sheared diamond [ missing leter- the -] ; pattai theta padatha- un cut; vaira kal- diamond stone.

Bar-gál-la has the composition- pa- Ra- ka- la- la - and

the meaning of theword is oru vellaattin tholil irunthu / udampil irunthu vetti edukkapatta mayir kon du neiyappat ta vannam theettapatta azhakiya kali nunukkum koda kampali nool aadai / poervai - a colorful decorated wollen bedsheet/ cloth made from a sheep skin [ missing letter - the -] ; oru- single; vellaadu - sheep; thole- leather/ skin ; udampu- body; vannm- color; azhakiya - beauriful ; kampali nool- wollen ; poervai- bedsheet.

*bar-lá : part of an irrigation system ('outside' + 'to lift').

bar-lá has the composition- pa- Ra- la -and the meaning of the word is periya kaalvaai /vaaikaal - big canal [missing letter- ka -]; peirya - big; kaalvaai - canal ; perum mazhai - heavy rain ; periya puzha - big river ; paer alai- big wave ; malai puram - hill side ; porul- thing ; paalaaru- milk river ; iru paalar- both sexes ; purali- rumour; palar- many persons; paalar- children .

*bar-LU : one of the best wool blends.

Bar-LU has the composition- pa-Ra- la- and themeaning of the word is paruththi nool - cotton thread ; paruththi- cotton; nool- thread.

*bar-rim4 [KAŠ4](-ma): dry land ('to uncover' + 'to travel fast'?; cf., parim).

bar-rim has the composition- pa- Ra -ma- and the meaning of the word is paarai mun - rocky land /soil ; paarai - rock; mun- soil .